To lay a foundation for the non-invasive examination of tumor cells, the associations between Raman shift characteristics and morphological parameters of cytochemical staining are analyzed in lung adenocarcinoma cells and physiological mesothelial cells. A549 cells and Met-5A cells are analyzed using Raman spectroscopy to calculate the Raman spectral shift characteristics. A549 cells and Met-5A cells are stained with H&E and PAP solutions to calculate their morphological image characteristics. In both cell lines, Raman shifts are observed at 1082, 1155, and 1304 cm -1. Energy standard deviations of A549 and Met-5A cells are recognized by the images. PAP staining results are significantly different (p<0.05), but H&E staining results show no significant differences (p>0.05) between the cell lines. The mean color value of cell image is significantly different (p<0.05) between the two stains. The Raman shift characteristics of lung cancer cells are then analyzed in terms of tumor substance expression and accumulation structure based on the affinity characteristics of the chemical substances. Experimental results show that clinical histopathological staining reveals the characteristics of nucleic acid and protein expression, and Raman spectroscopy reveals Raman peak shifts of nucleic acids, protein expression, and the lipid structure in lung cancer cells, laying a foundation for Raman spectroscopy to be used to set the substance peak of tumor cells.