• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 9, Issue 9, 1842 (2021)
Diego M. Solís1, Raphael Kastner1、2, and Nader Engheta1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
  • 2Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.427368 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Diego M. Solís, Raphael Kastner, Nader Engheta. Time-varying materials in the presence of dispersion: plane-wave propagation in a Lorentzian medium with temporal discontinuity[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9(9): 1842 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    We study the problem of a temporal discontinuity in the permittivity of an unbounded medium with Lorentzian dispersion. More specifically, we tackle the situation in which a monochromatic plane wave forward-traveling in a (generally lossy) Lorentzian-like medium scatters from the temporal interface that results from an instantaneous and homogeneous abrupt temporal change in its plasma frequency (while keeping its resonance frequency constant). In order to achieve momentum preservation across the temporal discontinuity, we show how, unlike in the well-known problem of a nondispersive discontinuity, the second-order nature of the dielectric function now gives rise to two shifted frequencies. As a consequence, whereas in the nondispersive scenario the continuity of the electric displacement D and the magnetic induction B suffices to find the amplitude of the new forward and backward wave, we now need two extra temporal boundary conditions. That is, two forward and two backward plane waves are now instantaneously generated in response to a forward-only plane wave. We also include a transmission-line equivalent with lumped circuit elements that describes the dispersive time-discontinuous scenario under consideration.
    P(ω)=ϵ0χ(ω)E(ω)=ϵ0ωp2ω02ω2E(ω),

    View in Article

    d2P(t)dt2+ω02P(t)=ϵ0ωp2E(t),

    View in Article

    d2P(t)dt2+ω02P(t)=ϵ0A(t)E(t),

    View in Article

    P(ω)=ϵ012πA(ω)*ωE(ω)ω02ω2,

    View in Article

    P(t)=th(t,τ)E(τ)dτ.

    View in Article

    P˜(s)=ϵ0L{A(t)E(t)}+sP(0)+dPdt(0)s2+ω02,

    View in Article

    P(0+)=limssP˜(s)

    View in Article

    P(0+)=P(0).

    View in Article

    dPdt(0+)=lims[s2P˜(s)sP(0+)].

    View in Article

    dPdt(0+)=lims[s2P˜(s)sP(0)]=dPdt(0).

    View in Article

    P˜(s)=ϵ0L{A(t)E(t)}s2+ω02,

    View in Article

    ω1+ωp2ω02ω2=ω+1+ωp+2ω02ω+2.

    View in Article

    ω+=±K±K24ω02ω2(ω2ω02)(ω2ω02ωp2)2(ω2ω02),

    View in Article

    K=ω2(ω2+ωp+2ωp2)ω02(ω02+ωp+2).

    View in Article

    ω+4(ω2+ω02+ωp+2)ω+2+ω02ω2=0,

    View in Article

    ω+=±ω2+ω02+ωp+2±(ω2+ω02+ωp+2)24ω02ω22.

    View in Article

    E=eiωteikz,(17a)

    View in Article

    H=ϵη0eiωteikz,(17b)

    View in Article

    D=ϵ0ϵeiωteikz,(17c)

    View in Article

    dPdt=iωϵ0(ϵ1)eiωteikz.(17d)

    View in Article

    E+=eikzl=12(fleiωlt+bleiωlt),(18a)

    View in Article

    H+=eikz1η0l=12ϵl(fleiωltbleiωlt),(18b)

    View in Article

    D+=eikzϵ0l=12ϵl(fleiωlt+bleiωlt),(18c)

    View in Article

    dP+dt=eikziϵ0l=12ωl(ϵl1)(fleiωltbleiωlt),(18d)

    View in Article

    [1111ϵ1ϵ1ϵ2ϵ2ϵ1ϵ1ϵ2ϵ21ϵ11ϵ11ϵ21ϵ2][f1b1f2b2]=[1ϵϵ1ϵ],

    View in Article

    [f1,b1]=ϵ2ϵ2ϵ(ϵ2ϵ1)(ϵ±ϵ1),(20a)

    View in Article

    [f2,b2]=ϵϵ12ϵ(ϵ2ϵ1)(ϵ±ϵ2),(20b)

    View in Article

    E(z=0,ω)=FT{E(z=0,t)U(t)+E+(z=0,t)U(t)}=iωωl=12(iflωωl+iblω+ωl),

    View in Article

    ϵ1[ω1ϵϵ+(ω)ω]ϵ+(ω),(22a)

    View in Article

    ϵ2[ω2ϵ+(ω)ω0]ϵϵ+(ω)(ωω0)20,(22b)

    View in Article

    ×E=μ0Ht,(23a)

    View in Article

    ×H=ϵ0Et+Pt+J,(23b)

    View in Article

    ××E=μ0ϵ02Et2μ02Pt2μ0Jt.

    View in Article

    1μ0××E˜(r,s)=ϵ0[s2E˜(r,s)sE(r,0)E(r,0)t][s2P˜(r,s)+sJ˜(r,s)J(r,0)].

    View in Article

    1μ0××E˜(r,s)+ϵ0s2(s2+ω02+ωp+2)s2+ω02E˜(r,s)=ϵ0[sE(r,0)+E(r,0)t]sJ˜(r,s)+J(r,0).

    View in Article

    (k2+μ0ϵ02t2)E=μ02Pt2μ0Jt,

    View in Article

    ϵ0(ω2+s2s2+ω02+ωp+2s2+ω02)E˜(z,s)=ϵ0[sE(z,0)+Et(z,0)]sJ˜(z,s)+J(z,0),

    View in Article

    E˜(z,s)=(s2+ω02)ϵ0[sE(z,0)+Et(z,0)]sJ˜(z,s)+J(z,0)ϵ0(ω2s2+ω2ω02+s4+s2ω02+s2ωp+2).

    View in Article

    s4+(ω2+ω02+ωp+2)s2+ω2ω02=(s2s12)(s2s22)=(s2+ω12)(s2+ω22)

    View in Article

    E(z,t=0)=cos(kz),(31a)

    View in Article

    Et(z,t=0)=ωsin(kz).(31b)

    View in Article

    E˜(z,s)=(s2+ω02)sE(z,0)+Et(z,0)(s2+ω12)(s2+ω22)(s2+ω02)sJ˜(z,s)J(z,0)ϵ0(s2+ω12)(s2+ω22).

    View in Article

    E(z,t)=E1++E1+E2++E2,

    View in Article

    E1±=ω02ω12ω22ω1212(1±ωω1)cos(ω1tkz),(34a)

    View in Article

    E2±=ω02ω22ω22ω1212(1±ωω2)cos(ω2tkz),(34b)

    View in Article

    E1±1±ϵ22ϵ2cos(ω1tkz),(35a)

    View in Article

    E2±ϵ212ϵ2(1±1ω0ωϵ2)cos(ω2tkz).(35b)

    View in Article

    H1±±1±ϵ22ϵ21η0cos(ω1tkz),H2±±ϵ212ϵ2(1±ωω0ϵ2)ωω0ϵ21η0cos(ω2tkz)0.

    View in Article

    L(t)d2P(t)dt2+1C(t)P(t)=E(t),

    View in Article

    d2P(t)dt2+γdP(t)dt+ω02P(t)=ϵ0ωp2(t)E(t),(38a)

    View in Article

    L(t)d2P(t)dt2+R(t)dP(t)dt+1C(t)P(t)=E(t),(38b)

    View in Article

    ω1+ωp2ω02ω2+iωγ=ω+1+ωp+2ω02ω+2+iω+γ,

    View in Article

    E+=eikzl=12(fleslt+blesl*t),(40a)

    View in Article

    H+=eikz1η0l=12(ϵlflesltϵl*blesl*t),(40b)

    View in Article

    D+=eikzϵ0l=12(ϵlfleslt+ϵl*blesl*t),(40c)

    View in Article

    dP+dt=eikzϵ0l=12(slχlfleslt+sl*χl*blesl*t),(40d)

    View in Article

    [1111ϵ1ϵ1*ϵ2ϵ2*ϵ1ϵ1*ϵ2ϵ2*s1χ1s1*χ1*s2χ2s2*χ2*][f1b1f2b2]=[1ϵϵsχ],

    View in Article

    [1111ωω1ωω1ωω2ωω2(ωω1)2(ωω1)2(ωω2)2(ωω2)2ω1ωω1ωω2ωω2ω][f1b1f2b2]=[1111].(A1)

    View in Article

    [f1,b1]=12ω22ω2ω22ω12ω1ω2(ω1±ω),(A2a)

    View in Article

    [f2,b2]=12ω2ω12ω22ω12ω2ω2(ω2±ω).(A2b)

    View in Article

    [1111ϵ1ϵ1*ϵ2ϵ3ϵ1ϵ1*ϵ2ϵ3s1χ1s1*χ1*s2χ2s3χ3][f1b1x2x3]=[1ϵϵsχ].(B1)

    View in Article

    0e2σt|E+(t)|2dt=12π|FT{eσtE+(t)U(t)}(ω)|2dω=12π|Lr{E+(t)}(σ+iω)|2dω,(D1)

    View in Article

    0e2σt|E(t)|2dt=12π|FT{eσtE(t)U(t)}(ω)|2dω=12π|Ll{E(t)}(σ+iω)|2dω.(D2)

    View in Article

    e2σ|t||E(t)|2dt=12π|FT{e|σ|tE(t)}(ω)|2dω=12π|Ll{E(t)}(σ+iω)+Lr{E(t)}(σ+iω)|2dω,(D3)

    View in Article

    Diego M. Solís, Raphael Kastner, Nader Engheta. Time-varying materials in the presence of dispersion: plane-wave propagation in a Lorentzian medium with temporal discontinuity[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9(9): 1842
    Download Citation