Author Affiliations
1Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China2Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic of the more than 80 diagnostics installed at the 100 kJ-level laser facility.
Fig. 2. Schematic of the laser beam transmission system.
Fig. 3. Schematic of the PSBO system.
Fig. 4. Self-emitting images of two-step samples recorded by a streak camera: 70–80 μm-thick steps.
Fig. 5. Spectral responses of each channel of the FFS.
Fig. 6. Picture of the FFS at the laser facility.
Fig. 7. Typical hard x-ray spectra measured in hohlraum energetics experiments.
Fig. 8. Geometry of the gated detector.
Fig. 9. X-ray framing camera system developed for the 100 kJ-level laser facility.
Fig. 10. Deformation of the capsule as it implodes under compression, recorded by the XFC combined with pinhole array imaging.
Fig. 11. Temporal and spatial evolution of the rapidly expanding initial perturbation of a sample recorded by the XFC combined with the pinhole array.
Fig. 12. Setup of the MBIS (left) and a monochromatic implosion trajectory measured experimentally by the MBIS (right).
Fig. 13. Monochromatic implosion trajectory measured experimentally by the MBIS.
Fig. 14. Principle of penumbral imaging with a bicone.
Fig. 15. X-ray backlit image of a tungsten cylinder obtained by the liquid scintillator array detector.
Fig. 16. 3D representation of a yield detector.
Fig. 17. Comparison of neutron yield measured by the NTOF spectrometer and by In activation.
Fig. 18. 3D representation of a DT ion temperature detector.
Fig. 19. Typical neutron time spectrum from a DD implosion.
Fig. 20. 3D representation of the neutron bang time detector.
Fig. 21. (a) Typical scope trace of the neutron bang time in a DD implosion. (b) Simulated signals produced by neutron time spectra with the same peak time but different widths.
Fig. 22. Comparison of neutron bang times obtained from NTOF and from NTD.
Diagnostic | Number | Purpose and function |
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X-ray framing camera (XFC) | 3 | Images x rays with a temporal resolution of 50 ps and a spatial resolution of 15 µm | X-ray streak camera | 3 | Diagnoses x-ray emission from targets with time resolution and is used to synchronize the arrival time of the laser on the target: 30 mm, 5 ps, 15 line pairs/mm, 500:1 | Flat-response x-ray detector (FXRD) and M-band FXRD | 20 | Measures x-ray flux: 0.1–4 keV (FXRD) or 1.6–4.4 keV (MXRD) | Line-image velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) | 1 | Measures shock velocity history with time and spatial resolution: 5 µm, 5 ps, 1.12–17.2 km/s per fringe | Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB)/KB-amélioré (KBA) microscope | 1 | Provides images of x-ray emission and is used to survey the cavity and pointing of eight laser channels: x-ray energy 8 keV; spatial resolution 3 µm at center and 5 µm at edge | Full-aperture backscatter | 8 | Measures light scattered into the lens focus in the spectral region 340–800 nm with energy uncertainty <20% | Near backscatter | 8 | Measures side-scattered light in the spectral region 340–800 nm with energy uncertainty <20% | Crystal spectrometer | 2 | Measures 2–10 keV x-ray spectrum | Neutron time-of-flight (NTOF) spectrometer | 2 | Diagnoses ion temperature in fuel | RABIT system | 1 | Detector size for decay time Φ60 × 30 mm (sliced); yield range 108–1014 |
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Table 1. List of some of the significant diagnostics for ICF at the 100 kJ-level laser facility.
Parameter | Value |
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Spectral measurement range of straight-passing and forward SBS light | 340–360 nm | Spectral measurement range of forward SRS light | 400–700 nm | Energy measurement range of straight-passing and forward SBS light | ≤2400 J | Energy measurement range of forward SRS light | ≤300 J | Uncertainty in energy measurement | ≤20% (k = 1) |
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Table 2. Main technical parameters of the TBD system.
Function | Number | Detector size, decay time | PMT gain, FWHM | Yield range |
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Yield | DD or DT neutron | 3 | Φ60 × 30 mm (sliced into 8 cuts), 10 ns | 103–107, 2 ns | 107–1013 | DD secondary neutron | 1 | Φ180 × 100 mm, 15 ns | 104–106, 5 ns | 106–108 | Ion temperature | DD neutron spectrum | 3 | Φ50 × 20 mm, 0.7 ns | 104–106, 1.1 ns | 109–1011 | DT neutron spectrum | 3 | Φ40 ×1 0 mm, 0.7 ns | 104–106, 0.3 ns | 1010–1013 | Neutron bang time | | 1 | Φ10 × 1 mm, 1.6 ns | 104–106, 0.3 ns | 108–1013 |
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Table 3. Main parameters of the NTOF at the 100 kJ-level laser facility.