Distributed optical fiber sensing technology has been widely applied in the areas of infrastructure health monitoring, national defense security and etc. Long-reach high-spatial-resolution chaotic Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis (chaotic BOCDA) technology has extensive development and application prospects. Chaotic laser of noise-like, wide-band radio frequency spectrum and broadband optical spectrum is served as signal source in chaotic BOCDA. Therefore, the sensing distance is extended by its δ-like function, the spatial resolution is improved by its auto-correlation property, and the intrinsically broadened Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained by its Gaussian optical spectrum. Based on these characteristics, this review article provides an overview of our recent progresses in chaotic BOCDA system with 10.2 km-long sensing distance, 3.5 mm-high spatial resolution and 1200 με-large dynamic range. Moreover, the relative merits and avenues for future research and development of chaotic BOCDA technology are also discussed and prospected.