[1] T. Ishizawa, N. Fukushima, J. Shibahara, K. Masuda, S. Tamura, T. Aoki, K. Hasegawa, Y. Beck, M. Fukayama, N. Kokudo. Real-time identification of liver cancers by using indocyanine green fluorescent imaging. Cancer, 115, 2491-2504(2009).
[2] B. Zhu, E. M. Sevick-Muraca. A review of performance of near-infrared fluorescence imaging devices used in clinical studies. Br. J. Radiol., 88, 20140547(2015).
[3] Z. Hu, C. Fang, B. Li, Z. Zhang, C. Cao, M. Cai, S. Su, X. Sun, X. Shi, C. Li, T. Zhou, Y. Zhang, C. Chi, P. He, X. Xia, Y. Chen, S. S. Gambhir, Z. Cheng, J. Tian. First-in-human liver-tumour surgery guided by multispectral fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared-I/II windows. Nat. Biomed. Eng., 4, 259-271(2020).
[4] J. Zhou, X. Fan, D. Wu, J. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. Ye, D. Xue, M. He, L. Zhu, Z. Feng, A. N. Kuzmin, W. Liu, P. N. Prasad, J. Qian. Hot-band absorption of indocyanine green for advanced anti-stokes fluorescence bioimaging. Light Sci. Appl., 10, 182(2021).
[5] Y. Li, X. Fan, Y. Li, L. Zhu, R. Chen, Y. Zhang, H. Ni, Q. Xia, Z. Feng, B. Z. Tang, J. Qian, H. Lin. Biologically excretable AIE nanoparticles wear tumor cell-derived “exosome caps” for efficient NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Nano Today, 41, 101333(2021).
[6] P. Tolar, H. W. Sohn, S. K. Pierce. The initiation of antigen-induced B cell antigen receptor signaling viewed in living cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Nat. Immunol., 6, 1168-1176(2005).
[7] M. Chalfie, Y. Tu, G. Euskirchen, W. W. Ward, D. C. Prasher. Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science, 263, 802-805(1994).
[8] L. M. Smith, J. Z. Sanders, R. J. Kaiser, P. Hughes, C. Dodd, C. R. Connell, C. Heiner, S. b. H. Kent, L. E. Hood. Fluorescence detection in automated DNA sequence analysis. Nature, 321, 674-679(1986).
[9] P. A. Summers, B. W. Lewis, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, R. M. Porreca, A. H. M. Lim, P. Cadinu, N. Martin-Pintado, D. J. Mann, J. B. Edel, J. B. Vannier, M. K. Kuimova, R. Vilar. Visualising G-quadruplex DNA dynamics in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nat. Commun., 12, 162(2021).
[10] Y. Yu, J. Yu, Z. L. Huang, F. Zhou. Application of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in hematologic malignancies. J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci., 15, 2230005(2022).
[11] J. Liao, J. Qu, Y. Hao, J. Li. Deep-learning-based methods for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci., 16, 2230016(2022).
[12] K. Wang, S. Tang, S. Wang, F. Lin, G. Zou, J. Qu, L. Liu. Monitoring microenvironment of Hep G2 cell apoptosis using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci., 15, 2250014(2022).
[13] L. Tian, S. A. Hires, T. Mao, D. Huber, M. E. Chiappe, S. H. Chalasani, L. Petreanu, J. Akerboom, S. A. McKinney, E. R. Schreiter, C. I. Bargmann, V. Jayaraman, K. Svoboda, L. L. Looger. Imaging neural activity in worms, flies and mice with improved GCaMP calcium indicators. Nat. Methods, 6, 875-881(2009).
[14] E. B. Brown, R. B. Campbell, Y. Tsuzuki, L. Xu, P. Carmeliet, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain. In vivo measurement of gene expression, angiogenesis and physiological function in tumors using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. Nat. Med., 7, 864-868(2001).
[15] W. Wang, J. B. Wyckoff, V. C. Frohlich, Y. Oleynikov, S. Hüttelmaier, J. Zavadil, L. Cermak, E. P. Bottinger, R. H. Singer, J. G. White, J. E. Segall, J. S. Condeelis. Single cell behavior in metastatic primary mammary tumors correlated with gene expression patterns revealed by molecular profiling. Cancer Res., 62, 6278-6288(2002).
[16] M. J. Miller, S. H. Wei, I. Parker, M. D. Cahalan. Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node. Science, 296, 1869-1873(2002).
[17] J. M. Squirrell, D. L. Wokosin, J. G. White, B. D. Bavister. Long-term two-photon fluorescence imaging of mammalian embryos without compromising viability. Nat. Biotechnol., 17, 763-767(1999).
[18] A. Vogel, J. Noack, G. H‘̀uttman, G. Paltauf. Mechanisms of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues. Appl. Phys. B, 81, 1015-1047(2005).
[19] K. Welsher, S. P. Sherlock, H. Dai. Deep-tissue anatomical imaging of mice using carbon nanotube fluorophores in the second near-infrared window. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 108, 8943-8948(2011).
[20] N. G. Horton, K. Wang, D. Kobat, C. G. Clark, F. W. Wise, C. B. Schaffer, C. Xu. In vivothree-photon microscopy of subcortical structures within an intact mouse brain. Nat. Photon., 7, 205-209(2013).
[21] D. Wu, D. Xue, J. Zhou, Y. Wang, Z. Feng, J. Xu, H. Lin, J. Qian, X. Cai. Extrahepatic cholangiography in near-infrared II window with the clinically approved fluorescence agent indocyanine green: a promising imaging technology for intraoperative diagnosis. Theranostics, 10, 3636-3651(2020).
[22] Z. Feng, T. Tang, T. Wu, X. Yu, Y. Zhang, M. Wang, J. Zheng, Y. Ying, S. Chen, J. Zhou, X. Fan, D. Zhang, S. Li, M. Zhang, J. Qian. Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window. Light Sci. Appl., 10, 197(2021).
[23] Z. Feng, S. Bai, J. Qi, C. Sun, Y. Zhang, X. Yu, H. Ni, D. Wu, X. Fan, D. Xue, S. Liu, M. Chen, J. Gong, P. Wei, M. He, J. W. Y. Lam, X. Li, B. Z. Tang, L. Gao, J. Qian. Biologically excretable aggregation-induced emission dots for visualizing through the marmosets intravitally: horizons in future clinical nanomedicine. Adv. Mater., 33, e2008123(2021).
[24] S. Zhu, S. Herraiz, J. Yue, M. Zhang, H. Wan, Q. Yang, Z. Ma, Y. Wang, J. He, A. L. Antaris, Y. Zhong, S. Diao, Y. Feng, Y. Zhou, K. Yu, G. Hong, Y. Liang, A. J. Hsueh, H. Dai. 3D NIR-II molecular imaging distinguishes targeted organs with high-performance NIR-II bioconjugates. Adv. Mater., 30, e1705799(2018).
[25] W. Yu, B. Guo, H. Zhang, J. Zhou, X. Yu, L. Zhu, D. Xue, W. Liu, X. Sun, J. Qian. NIR-II fluorescence in vivo confocal microscopy with aggregation-induced emission dots. Sci. Bull. (Beijing ), 64, 410-416(2019).
[26] Z. Cai, L. Zhu, M. Wang, A. W. Roe, W. Xi, J. Qian. NIR-II fluorescence microscopic imaging of cortical vasculature in non-human primates. Theranostics, 10, 4265-4276(2020).
[27] X. Fan, Y. Li, Z. Feng, G. Chen, J. Zhou, M. He, L. Wu, S. Li, J. Qian, H. Lin. Nanoprobes-assisted multichannel NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided resection and photothermal ablation of lymph nodes. Adv. Sci., 8, 2003972(2021).
[28] X. Fan, Q. Xia, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Feng, J. Zhou, J. Qi, B. Z. Tang, J. Qian, H. Lin. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoparticles-assisted NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided diagnosis and surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Adv. Healthc. Mater., 10, 2101043(2021).
[29] A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, V. V. Tuchin. Optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues: A review. J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci., 04, 9-38(2011).
[30] M. He, D. Li, Z. Zheng, H. Zhang, T. Wu, W. Geng, Z. Hu, Z. Feng, S. Peng, L. Zhu, W. Xi, D. Zhu, B. Z. Tang, J. Qian. Aggregation-induced emission nanoprobe assisted ultra-deep through-skull three-photon mouse brain imaging. Nano Today, 45, 101536(2022).
[31] Y. Li, Z. Cai, S. Liu, H. Zhang, S. T. H. Wong, J. W. Y. Lam, R. T. K. Kwok, J. Qian, B. Z. Tang. Design of AIEgens for near-infrared IIb imaging through structural modulation at molecular and morphological levels. Nat. Commun., 11, 1255(2020).
[32] F. Heymann, P. M. Niemietz, J. Peusquens, C. Ergen, M. Kohlhepp, J. C. Mossanen, C. Schneider, M. Vogt, R. H. Tolba, C. Trautwein, C. Martin, F. Tacke. Long term intravital multiphoton microscopy imaging of immune cells in healthy and diseased liver using CXCR6.Gfp reporter mice. J. Vis. Exp., 24, 52607(2015).
[33] M. Zhang, J. Yue, R. Cui, Z. Ma, H. Wan, F. Wang, S. Zhu, Y. Zhou, Y. Kuang, Y. Zhong, D. W. Pang, H. Dai. Bright quantum dots emitting at ∼1,600 nm in the NIR-IIb window for deep tissue fluorescence imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 115, 6590-6595(2018).
[34] J. L. Nxumalo, M. Teranaka, W. G. Schenk. Sensitivity of indocyanine green (ICG) half-life changes relative to circulatory shock state. J. Surg. Res, 23, 400-404(1977).
[35] A. De Gasperi, E. Mazza, M. Prosperi. Indocyanine green kinetics to assess liver function: Ready for a clinical dynamic assessment in major liver surgery?. World J. Hepatol., 8, 355-367(2016).
[36] R. Marchesini, A. Bertoni, S. Andreola, E. Melloni, A. E. Sichirollo. Extinction and absorption coefficients and scattering phase functions of human tissues in vitro. Appl. Opt., 28, 2318-2324(1989).
[37] B. Gysbrechts, L. Wang, N. N. Trong, H. Cabral, Z. Navratilova, F. Battaglia, W. Saeys, C. Bartic. Light distribution and thermal effects in the rat brain under optogenetic stimulation. J. Biophoton., 9, 576-585(2016).
[38] F. Wang, H. Wan, Z. Ma, Y. Zhong, Q. Sun, Y. Tian, L. Qu, H. Du, M. Zhang, L. Li, H. Ma, J. Luo, Y. Liang, W. J. Li, G. Hong, L. Liu, H. Dai. Light-sheet microscopy in the near-infrared II window. Nat. Methods, 16, 545-552(2019).
[39] P. E. Marques, M. M. Antunes, B. A. David, R. V. Pereira, M. M. Teixeira, G. B. Menezes. Imaging liver biology in vivo using conventional confocal microscopy. Nat. Protocol, 10, 258-268(2015).
[40] J. Yu, R. Zhang, Y. Gao, Z. Sheng, M. Gu, Q. Sun, J. Liao, T. Wu, Z. Lin, P. Wu, L. Kang, H. Li, L. Zhang, W. Zheng. Intravital confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in the second near-infrared window. Opt. Lett., 45, 3305-3308(2020).
[41] L. Streich, J. C. Boffi, L. Wang, K. Alhalaseh, M. Barbieri, R. Rehm, S. Deivasigamani, C. T. Gross, A. Agarwal, R. Prevedel. High-resolution structural and functional deep brain imaging using adaptive optics three-photon microscopy. Nat. Methods, 18, 1253-1258(2021).
[42] Y. Hontani, F. Xia, C. Xu. Multicolor three-photon fluorescence imaging with single-wavelength excitation deep in mouse brain. Sci. Adv., 7, eabf3531(2021).
[43] K. Choe, Y. Hontani, T. Wang, E. Hebert, D. G. Ouzounov, K. Lai, A. Singh, W. Béguelin, A. M. Melnick, C. Xu. Intravital three-photon microscopy allows visualization over the entire depth of mouse lymph nodes. Nat. Immunol., 23, 330-340(2022).
[44] M. A. Yaseen, J. Sutin, W. Wu, B. Fu, H. Uhlirova, A. Devor, D. A. Boas, S. Sakadžić. Fluorescence lifetime microscopy of NADH distinguishes alterations in cerebral metabolism in vivo. Biomed. Opt. Express, 8, 2368-2385(2017).