Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology based on linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulses has gained popularity due to its ability to combine the advantages of both continuous and pulse waveforms in detection light. By utilizing the principle of frequency shift, additional phases can be generated to achieve phase compensation for fiber strain sensing. This technology enables quantitative waveform recovery of acoustic signals at various locations along the fiber optic link, with fast response times and high sensitivity. DAS has significant potential for applications in geophysics and linear infrastructure monitoring. In this study, we discuss the basic sensing mechanism of LFM pulse-based DAS technology, present research progress on key scientific and technical indicators such as sensing distance, spatial resolution, frequency response, and fading noise suppression, and introduce the progress of DAS in typical applications. Finally, we discuss possible future development trends.