The collision avoidance positioning algorithm is very important for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group safety. Aiming at the advantages of wide rage and strong anti-interference ability of ultraviolet communication, a collision avoidance location algorithm for UAV group based on wireless ultraviolet communication is proposed. First, a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication model is constructed, and a wireless ultraviolet ranging algorithm based on the received signal strength is proposed. Second, a wireless UV beacon communication model is constructed, and the 3D positioning of the UAV is realized through a four-node positioning algorithm. Finally, a vector sharing method is used to achieve effective collision avoidance between multiple UAVs. Simulation results show that when the distance between two UAVs is 200 m, the range accuracy can reach 1.1 m; when there are more than six reference nodes, the 3D spatial positioning accuracy tends to be stable at approximately 97%. Therefore, the vector sharing method can effectively realize the collision avoidance of UAV group.