Current polarization detection is mainly based on the polarization state of at-sensor radiance, which can enhance objects of interest or restrain background disturbance qualitatively. There is only empirical linear method for polarized reflectance retrieval of ground objects, which is inadequate in terms of adaptability and real-time capability under varied observation conditions. A polarized reflectance retrieval method based on polarized atmospheric radiative transfer model is hereby proposed. A lookup table (LUT) is established by using the radiative transfer model to illustrate the relationship among polarized reflectance, observation condition and at-sensor polarization state. Polarized reflectance can then be retrieved using the LUT combined with numerical calculation. Results show that the retrieval accuracy of polarized reflectance of typical ground objects can be up to 90%.