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    Journals >Laser & Optoelectronics Progress >Volume 56 >Issue 17 >Page 170601 > Article
    • Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
    • Vol. 56, Issue 17, 170601 (2019)
    Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fibers Using Melt-in-Tube Method
    Yeming Zhang1 and Jianrong Qiu1、2、*
    Author Affiliations
  • 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
  • 2 College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP56.170601 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yeming Zhang, Jianrong Qiu. Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fibers Using Melt-in-Tube Method[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(17): 170601 Copy Citation Text show less
    Fabrication of optical fiber by melt-in-tube method. (a) Diagram of fiber drawing process; (b)-(d) fiber preforms based on ceramics or crystals; (e)-(f) cross sections of prepared optical fiber
    Fig. 1. Fabrication of optical fiber by melt-in-tube method. (a) Diagram of fiber drawing process; (b)-(d) fiber preforms based on ceramics or crystals; (e)-(f) cross sections of prepared optical fiber
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    Main processes for fabricating microcrystalline optical fiber. (a) Drawn precursor fiber; (b) muffle furnace process; (c) microcrystalline optical fiber; (d)(e) nanocrystalline particles with certain size
    Fig. 2. Main processes for fabricating microcrystalline optical fiber. (a) Drawn precursor fiber; (b) muffle furnace process; (c) microcrystalline optical fiber; (d)(e) nanocrystalline particles with certain size
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    Crystallization process in microcrystalline optical fiber by MIT method. (a) Glass rod before drawing process; (b) crystallization appears in bottom after drawing process and glass rod turns to opaque; (c) X-ray diffraction patterns of samples 1#-4# (1# represents uncontrolled crystallized glass rod after drawing, 2# represents glass rod before drawing, 3# represents secondary melted glass after crystallization, 4# represents optical fiber core drawn by MIT method, and insert is opaque glass aft
    Fig. 3. Crystallization process in microcrystalline optical fiber by MIT method. (a) Glass rod before drawing process; (b) crystallization appears in bottom after drawing process and glass rod turns to opaque; (c) X-ray diffraction patterns of samples 1#-4# (1# represents uncontrolled crystallized glass rod after drawing, 2# represents glass rod before drawing, 3# represents secondary melted glass after crystallization, 4# represents optical fiber core drawn by MIT method, and insert is opaque glass aft
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    Laser processing on optical fibers. (a) Diagram of laser post-processing on optical fiber; (b) temperature distributions of fiber after laser irradiation
    Fig. 4. Laser processing on optical fibers. (a) Diagram of laser post-processing on optical fiber; (b) temperature distributions of fiber after laser irradiation
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    In-situ chemical reaction in fiber drawing process. (a)(b) Chemical reaction and element migration during drawing process; (c)-(e) changes of core composition in different stages of fiber drawing process
    Fig. 5. In-situ chemical reaction in fiber drawing process. (a)(b) Chemical reaction and element migration during drawing process; (c)-(e) changes of core composition in different stages of fiber drawing process
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    Semiconductor fiber connected with silica optical fiber network. (a) Coupling of spatial optical light and tapered semiconductor core optical fiber; (b) coupling of tapered semiconductor core optical fiber and single-mode fiber
    Fig. 6. Semiconductor fiber connected with silica optical fiber network. (a) Coupling of spatial optical light and tapered semiconductor core optical fiber; (b) coupling of tapered semiconductor core optical fiber and single-mode fiber
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    Laser applications of YAS fiber. (a) Diagram of all-fiber linear cavity based on Tm∶YAS fiber; (b) 2.0 μm laser output spectrum of Tm∶YAS fiber laser; (c) 1.0 μm laser output spectrum of Nd∶YAS fiber laser (insert is near-field energy distribution of home made all-fiber laser); (d) diagram of DBR fiber laser with highly doped Yb∶YAS; (e) longitudinal mode characteristics of single frequency fiber laser
    Fig. 7. Laser applications of YAS fiber. (a) Diagram of all-fiber linear cavity based on Tm∶YAS fiber; (b) 2.0 μm laser output spectrum of Tm∶YAS fiber laser; (c) 1.0 μm laser output spectrum of Nd∶YAS fiber laser (insert is near-field energy distribution of home made all-fiber laser); (d) diagram of DBR fiber laser with highly doped Yb∶YAS; (e) longitudinal mode characteristics of single frequency fiber laser
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    PreformDrawing temperature /℃Crystallization temperature /℃Application /performanceTransmission loss /(dB·m-1)Reference
    Core (glass)Cladding
    60.9SiO2-16Al2O3-16ZnO-7TiO2-0.1Cr2O3Silica tube1830850Broadband emission in 600-800 nm-[15]
    64SiO2-23Ga2O3-13Li2O-0.1NiOSilica tube1830800Broadband emission in near infrared-[16]
    25.5Li2O-21.5Ta2O5-35.3SiO2-17.6Al2O3-0.15NiOSilica tube1950800Broadband emission in 1140-1620 nm-[17]
    60B2O3-8Bi2O3-32CaF2-1YbF3-0.5ErF3Commercial BK7 glass tube1000530100 times upconversion luminescence enhancement-[10]
    45SiO2-5Al2O3-35BaO-15TiO2Silica tube1830850Second harmonic effect8.1(@532 nm)[11]
    37B2O3-28SiO2-18Na2O-7NaF-10YF3-2ErF3-xHoF3(x=0, 1, 2, 3)Commercial BK7 glass tube950470-500Mid-infrared emission in 2.6-2.95 μm11.3(@1310 nm)[12]
    40B2O3-25SiO2-18Na2O-7NaF-10YF3-2ErF3Commercial BK7 glass tube950470-500Enhanced emission in 2.7 μm7.4(@1310 nm)[18]
    66SiO2-8B2O3-18K2O-6ZnO-2ZnS-1PbOSilica tube1830560-600Broadband luminescence in 1-2 μm-[13]
    1*: 52B2O3-15Na2O-15K2O-13ZnO-5Al2O3-1PbO-1ZnS2*:25SiO2-35B2O3-25Na2O-10ZnO-5BaO-1PbO-1ZnS1*: commercial borosilicate glass tube #12*: commercial borosilicate glass tube #21*:10002*: 950390-410Controllable grain sizecorresponds to tunable 1.0-1.8 μm emission14.4-27.1(@1310 nm)[19]
    50SiO2-30GeO2-15MgO-5Al2O3-1.0Bi2O3Silica tube1830-Broadband emission in near infrared6.9(@1310 nm)[14]
    SrO/Al2O3(5∶8 in mol)Silica tube1925-≈0 brillouin frequency thermal coefficient2.7(@1534 nm)[20]
    SrF2/Al2O3 powderSilica tube2000-Low intrinsic nonlinearity0.7-2.7(@1534 nm)[21]
    Table 1. Optical fiber with glass core
    PreformDrawing temperature /℃Application performanceTransmission loss /(dB·cm-1)Reference
    CoreCladding
    Bi2Se3 powderCommercial K9 glass840Thermoelectric performance-[31]
    Se/Te powder(1∶1 in mol)Multicomponent phosphate glass660Stress sensing/optical detection2.6(@1310 nm)[32]
    Sb2Se3 powderMulticomponent phosphate glass660Temperature sensor photoelectric detector-[33]
    Se/Te powder(4∶1 in mol)Multicomponent phosphate glass660Optical switch and photoelectric detector2.0(@1550 nm)[24]
    Te powderMulticomponent phosphate glass660Far infrared/terahertz waveguideToo high[25]
    In/Se powder(4∶3 in mol)Commercial borosilicate glass tube900Thermoelectric integrated-[34]
    Bi2Te3 powderCommercial borosilicate glass tube900Thermoelectric optical fiber-[35]
    SnSe powderCommercial borosilicate glass tube900Thermoelectric integrated-[36]
    Al rodSilica tube2200Crystalline silicon fiber-[29]
    GaSb pelletDuran glass tube AR glass tubeTorch flame/laser processingNear infrared photoluminescence/adjustable band gap-[37]
    Silicon rod/CaO coatingSilica tubeOxyacetylene flameNonlinear photonics applications in infrared1-2.5(1500-2500 nm)[38]
    Silicon rod/oxide coatingSilica tubeOxyacetylene flame3.8-20(@1550 nm)[28]
    Table 2. Optical fiber with semiconductor core
    PreformDrawing temperature /℃Application performanceTransmission loss /(dB·m-1)Reference
    Core (rod)Cladding
    Cr∶YAGSilica tube2025Near infrared broadband amplification in 1.2-1.6 μm20(@1550 nm)[39]
    Er∶YAGSilica tube2025Emission similar to erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) higher doping concentration0.15-0.2(@1300 nm)[44]
    Yb∶YAGSilica tube2000Reduced stimulated Brillouin0.1(@1.3 μm)[45]
    Yb∶YAGSilica tube2000 (post feeding)≈4 W laser output2.2(@1200 nm)[46]
    Nd∶YAGSilica tube1.5(@1200 nm)[47]
    Nd∶YAGSilica tube2000Low threshold all-fiber laser8.2(@1550 nm)[48]
    Tm∶YAGSilica tube2000Fiber laser in 2 μm9.2(@1550 nm)[49]
    Yb∶YAGSilica tube2000Single-frequency laser output5.6(@1550 nm)[40]
    Yb∶YAG/Al2O3Silica tube2000High nonlinearity low Brillouin gain0.7(@1550 nm)[50]
    Al2O3Silica tube2100Ultra-low Brillouin gain0.2(@1534 nm)[41]
    LuAGSilica tube2025Sensitive stress sensing1.5(@1534 nm)[42]
    MgAl2O4Silica tube2175Highly acoustically-anti-guiding waveguide properties0.2(@1534 nm)[43]
    Table 3. Optical fiber with crystal core
    Abstract
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    Yeming Zhang, Jianrong Qiu. Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fibers Using Melt-in-Tube Method[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(17): 170601
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