• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 57, Issue 15, 150001 (2020)
Li Lin* and Buhong Li**
Author Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP57.150001 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Li Lin, Buhong Li. Application Progress of Light-Emitting Diode for Photodynamic Therapy[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(15): 150001 Copy Citation Text show less
    Emission spectra of various monochromatic LEDs[10]
    Fig. 1. Emission spectra of various monochromatic LEDs[10]
    LED light source[37]. (a) Schematic diagram of array; (b) in vitro PDT cell experiment
    Fig. 2. LED light source[37]. (a) Schematic diagram of array; (b) in vitro PDT cell experiment
    OLEDs. (a) Picture of lighted FOLED[44]; (b) STOLED[38]
    Fig. 3. OLEDs. (a) Picture of lighted FOLED[44]; (b) STOLED[38]
    FQLED and luminescence spectra of QDs with different sizes. (a) Picture of lighted FQLED [46]; (b) luminescence spectra of QDs with different sizes[45]
    Fig. 4. FQLED and luminescence spectra of QDs with different sizes. (a) Picture of lighted FQLED [46]; (b) luminescence spectra of QDs with different sizes[45]
    Wireless powered LED. (a) μ-LED[47]; (b) NFC powering[13]; (c) ultrasonic powering[51]
    Fig. 5. Wireless powered LED. (a) μ-LED[47]; (b) NFC powering[13]; (c) ultrasonic powering[51]
    Distance-dependent intensity distributions of LED array[53]. (a) Measurement of intensity distribution; (b) simulation of intensity distribution
    Fig. 6. Distance-dependent intensity distributions of LED array[53]. (a) Measurement of intensity distribution; (b) simulation of intensity distribution
    Secondary optical distribution design for LED arrays. (a) Reflector; (b) lens arrays; (c) light intensity distribution with optimization by lens arrays; (d) light intensity distribution without optimization by lens arrays[11]
    Fig. 7. Secondary optical distribution design for LED arrays. (a) Reflector; (b) lens arrays; (c) light intensity distribution with optimization by lens arrays; (d) light intensity distribution without optimization by lens arrays[11]
    Ultrasonic-powered μ-LED light source implanted inside the mouse[51]
    Fig. 8. Ultrasonic-powered μ-LED light source implanted inside the mouse[51]
    Adhesive and suturing-free mPDT light source[13]. (a) Lighting by NFC-powered wireless LED attached on tissue; (b) NFC-based wireless powering system; (c) wireless powered LED implanted in mouse
    Fig. 9. Adhesive and suturing-free mPDT light source[13]. (a) Lighting by NFC-powered wireless LED attached on tissue; (b) NFC-based wireless powering system; (c) wireless powered LED implanted in mouse
    Wearable cap-like PDT light source for treatment of AK[17]. (a) Cap-like PDT light source; (b) PDT therapy
    Fig. 10. Wearable cap-like PDT light source for treatment of AK[17]. (a) Cap-like PDT light source; (b) PDT therapy
    Wavelength /nmDose /(J·cm-2)Disease /Cytotoxicity studiesPhotosensitizerRef. No
    6500.18-18Periodontitis causing bacteriaToluidine blue O (TBO)[15]
    633±10100-200Bowen's disease5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)[16]
    630±204.17-5.03Actinic keratosisMethyl aminolevulinate (MAL)[17]
    625±2013.14Ocular surface infectionTBO[18]
    625±54.8Breast cancerPsD-007[19]
    530±200.6-3Tongue squamouscell carcinomasHematoporphyrinmonomethyl ether[20]
    405 and 50550Human cancer keratinocytecells (HaCaT)ALA[21]
    63512Root canal disinfectionTBO[22]
    465-48512PeriodontitisCurcumin[23]
    6607.2Hypoxic tumorsAQ4N-hCe6-liposome[24]
    5300.9-3.6Escherichia coli andbacillus cereusTBO[25]
    6600.45MicroorganismsMethylene blue (MB)[26]
    63072Rectal cancerALA[27]
    66030Pseudomonas aeruginosaTONS 504[28]
    635100-400Injury of brainALA[29]
    365,405,515,6321-80Human leukemic cellsC60 nanostructure[30]
    Table 1. LED for application in PDT
    PropertyLight dose /(J·cm-2)Irradiation areaFlexibility
    Cells in vitro0.1-20Sample sizeLow
    Animal in vivoTens to hundredsLesion sizeHigh
    Clinical treatmentsTens to hundredsLesion sizeHigh
    Table 2. Property requirements for PDT light sources
    Li Lin, Buhong Li. Application Progress of Light-Emitting Diode for Photodynamic Therapy[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(15): 150001
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