Author Affiliations
1Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China2Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China3College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China4Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co., Ltd., Luoyang, Henan 471039, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Thermophysical parameters of 42CrMo steel. (a) Specific heat capacity; (b) thermal conductivity; (c) resistivity; (d) relative permeability
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of hybrid quenching for 42CrMo steel
Fig. 3. TTT diagram of 42CrMo steel
Fig. 4. CCT diagram of 42CrMo steel
[27] Fig. 5. Additivity rule
Fig. 6. Heat transfer coefficient of 42CrMo steel. (a) Coolant; (b) air
Fig. 7. Location of feature points
Fig. 8. Temperature history curves of characteristic points. (a) Point M; (b) point N
Fig. 9. Cloud charts of martensite. (a) Single laser quenching; (b) hybrid quenching
Fig. 10. Cross-sectional hardness curves of hardened layer by quenching. (a) Depth direction; (b) horizontal direction
Fig. 11. Cloud charts of temperature field in hybrid quenching process. (a) 3D section view; (b) Y-Z plane
Fig. 12. Temperature history curves of characteristic points for hybrid quenching
Fig. 13. Temperature history curve of point A under different quenching methods
Fig. 14. Microstructure distribution by hybrid quenching at different time
Fig. 15. Cloud diagram of martensite distribution after hybrid quenching
Fig. 16. Cross-sectional morphology of hardened layer by quenching. (a) Single laser quenching; (b) hybrid quenching
Fig. 17. Calculation of martensite proportion
Fig. 18. Microstructure of different positions after hybrid quenching. (a) Hardened layer; (b) heat affected zone; (c) base metal
C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | S | P | Ni | Fe |
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0.42 | 0.2 | 0.5--0.8 | 0.9--1.2 | 0.2 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.03 | Bal. |
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Table 1. Chemical composition of 42CrMo steel (mass fraction) unit: %
Phase transformation | Ferrite | Pearlite | Bainite | Martensite |
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Latent heat /(J·g-1) | 141.0 | 145.6 | 145.6 | 122.6 |
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Table 2. Latent heat of austenite phase transformation of 42CrMo steel
Quenching process | Frequency /Hz | Electric current /A | Speed /(mm·s-1) | Laser power density /(W·mm-2) |
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Single laser quenching | — | — | 2.5 | 8.3 | Hybrid quenching | 24 | 35 | 2.5 | 5.5 |
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Table 3. Quenching processing parameters