To address the problem of the weak photoluminescence (PL) intensity of Au nanorods in optical detection, the PL intensity of Au rods is increased by more than two orders of magnitude via continuous wave laser irradiation based on the enhancement of localized surface plasma resonance, and the PL intensity is adjusted in real time. The variation in PL enhancement with the wavelength, power density of the irradiation laser, and the aspect ratio and surface-to-volume ratio (SVR) of Au nanorods is investigated. Experimental results indicate that Au nanorods with small SVR exhibit better improvement. For certain Au nanorods, this enhancement can be further improved by optimizing laser power density and wavelength that is resonant with the transverse plasma mode of Au nanorods. These results will guide the enhancement of the PL intensity of Au nanorods.