In order to further quantitatively analyze the physical dose of laser to biological tissue， and to provide theoretical basis for related research in medical， military， and many other fields， it is necessary to accurately measure the optical characteristic parameters of biological tissue. This paper systematically summarizes the mainstream techniques and methods for measuring the optical parameters of biological tissues at home and abroad， summarizes the applicable scope of each method and compares the advantages and disadvantages of related methods horizontally and vertically. It reviews the theoretical basis of most simulations and experiments， and also summarizes the latest research results and applications in this field， which is convenient for readers to track the frontier quickly and accurately. Finally， it summarizes some major problems currently facing in this field research and makes a certain prospect for the future development direction.