In order to study the influence of ice crystal particles on the performance parameters of quantum interference radar, based on the Van de Hulst approximation theory of ice crystal particles, standard gamma distribution, and Henyey-Greenstein phase function, the polarization changes of radar detection photons in the background of ice crystal particles are studied. The influence model of different parameters of ice particles on transmission distance, resolution, and bit error rate of quantum interference radar detection photons is established. Simulation results show that increasing the effective scale of ice crystal particles will increase the energy dissipation of the detected photons, resulting in a decrease in the transmission distance of the detected photons. The resolution of the quantum interference radar decreases as the optical thickness of the ice crystal grains increases when the number of transmitted beam photons is fixed. Particularly, when the concentration of ice crystal particles is constant, the quantum bit error rate of the link increases with the increase of effective size of the ice crystal particles and the asymmetric factor. In addition, different types of ice crystal particles have different effects on the quantum bit error rate. Meanwhile, in the case of high polarization ratio, reducing the ellipticity angle within a certain range will accordingly bring down the quantum bit error rate.