In order to characterize the near-infrared polarization characteristics of typical satellite surface materials, the reflection characteristics of the target surfaces are described based on the microplane element model and considering the specular scattering and diffuse scattering comprehensively. The specular coefficient and diffuse reflectance are introduced to clarify the influence of the two kinds of reflection on the polarization degree, and the masking effect of the actual rough surface is considered. A more perfect model of multi-parameter polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function is established, and the expression of polarization degree of optical reflection suitable for rough material surface is deduced. The near-infrared polarization experiments of typical satellite surface materials are carried out, and the multi-parameter values of satellite surface materials are retrieved from the experimental data by using genetic algorithm, and then the polarization information simulation curve is obtained. The results show that the simulated values of the multi-parameter polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function are in good agreement with the experimental values, and the polarization characteristics of different satellite surface materials have great differences in distribution.