High-speed silicon microring modulator at the 2 &#181;m waveband with analysis and observation of optical bistability

Weihong Shen; Gangqiang Zhou; Jiangbing Du; Linjie Zhou; Ke Xu; Zuyuan He

doi:10.1364/PRJ.439583

[1] G. T. Jasion, T. D. Bradley, K. Harrington, H. Sakr, Y. Chen, E. N. Fokoua, I. A. Davidson, A. Taranta, J. R. Hayes, D. J. Richardson, F. Poletti. Hollow core NANF with 0.28 dB/km attenuation in the C and L bands. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Th4B-4(2020).

[2] Z. Li, A. Heidt, N. Simakov, Y. Jung, J. Daniel, S. Alam, D. Richardson. Diode-pumped wideband thulium-doped fiber amplifiers for optical communications in the 1800–2050 nm window. Opt. Express, 21, 26450-26455(2013).

[3] W. Shen, J. Du, L. Sun, C. Wang, Y. Zhu, K. Xu, B. Chen, Z. He. Low-latency and high-speed hollow-core fiber optical interconnection at 2-micron waveband. J. Lightwave Technol., 38, 3874-3882(2020).

[4] W. Shen, P. Zeng, Z. Yang, D. Xia, J. Du, B. Zhang, K. Xu, Z. He, Z. Li. Chalcogenide glass photonic integration for improved 2 µm optical interconnection. Photon. Res., 8, 1484-1490(2020).

[5] J. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Meng, K. Xu, J. Du, F. Wang, Z. He, Q. Song. 2-µm wavelength grating coupler, bent waveguide, and tunable microring on silicon photonic MPW. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 30, 471-474(2018).

[6] Y. Liu, Z. Li, D. Li, Y. Yao, J. Du, Z. He, K. Xu. Thermo-optic tunable silicon arrayed waveguide grating at 2-µm wavelength band. IEEE Photon. J., 12, 4900308(2020).

[7] S. Zheng, M. Huang, X. Cao, L. Wang, Z. Ruan, L. Shen, J. Wang. Silicon-based four-mode division multiplexing for chip-scale optical data transmission in the 2 µm waveband. Photon. Res., 7, 1030-1035(2019).

[8] J. X. B. Sia, X. Li, Z. Qiao, X. Guo, J. Zhou, C. G. Littlejohns, C. Liu, G. T. Reed, W. Wang, H. Wang. 1 × N (N = 2, 8) silicon selector switch for prospective technologies at the 2 µm waveband. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 32, 1127-1130(2020).

[9] W. Shen, J. Du, K. Xu, Z. He. On-chip selective dual-mode switch for 2-µm wavelength high-speed optical interconnection. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 33, 483-486(2021).

[10] M. Nedeljkovic, R. Soref, G. Z. Mashanovich. Free-carrier electrorefraction and electroabsorption modulation predictions for silicon over the 1–14-µm infrared wavelength range. IEEE Photon. J., 3, 1171-1180(2011).

[11] X. Wang, W. Shen, W. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yao, J. Du, Q. Song, K. Xu. High-speed silicon photonic Mach–Zehnder modulator at 2 µm. Photon. Res., 9, 535-540(2021).

[12] W. Cao, D. Hagan, D. J. Thomson, M. Nedeljkovic, C. G. Littlejohns, A. Knights, S.-U. Alam, J. Wang, F. Gardes, W. Zhang, S. Liu, K. Li, M. S. Rouifed, G. Xin, W. Wang, H. Wang, G. T. Reed, G. Z. Mashanovich. High-speed silicon modulators for the 2 µm wavelength band. Optica, 5, 1055-1062(2018).

[13] L. Zhang, Y. Fei, T. Cao, Y. Cao, Q. Xu, S. Chen. Multibistability and self-pulsation in nonlinear high-Q silicon microring resonators considering thermo-optical effect. Phys. Rev. A, 87, 053805(2013).

[14] D. Dimitropoulos, R. Jhaveri, R. Claps, J. Woo, B. Jalali. Lifetime of photogenerated carriers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides. Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 071115(2005).

[15] Q. Lin, J. Zhang, G. Piredda, R. W. Boyd, P. M. Fauchet, G. P. Agrawal. Dispersion of silicon nonlinearities in the near infrared region. Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 021111(2007).

[16] B. J. Frey, D. B. Leviton, T. J. Madison. Temperature-dependent refractive index of silicon and germanium. Proc. SPIE, 6273, 62732J(2006).

[17] G. Zhou, L. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhong, S. Liu, Y. Guo, L. Liu, J. Chen. Silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator using a highly-efficient L-shape PN junction. Proc. SPIE, 10964, 1096419(2018).