In recent years, high-power single-frequency (SF) erbium-doped fiber lasers with narrow linewidth and low noise have been intensively studied, driven by application requirements in the fields of coherent detection, lidar, laser cooling and gravitational wave detection. The research progresses of high-power SF erbium-doped fiber lasers were reviewed in this paper, including SF erbium-doped fiber lasers and high-power SF erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The development trend and challenges of the high-power SF erbium-doped fiber lasers were analyzed, and the next development direction was prospected.