Sodium guide star generated in sodium layer by 589 nm laser is considered as a critical component for ground-based optical telescope adaptive optical systems to correct the atmospheric aberrations of light transmission. Such kind of systems are of intense interest for applications in astronomical observations, ground-space optical communications and space debris tracking. Here, a novel sodium guide star laser based on diamond Raman technique is proposed and demonstrated. Output power scaling and single frequency operation are favored for the novel laser due to the high thermal conductivity of diamond crystal and the gain nature of the spatial hole burning-free. Recently, up to 22 W single mode diamond Raman laser at 589 nm had been demonstrated. Diamond Raman laser affords a highly efficient scheme for achieving high power sodium laser, and moreover, it is well suited to achieving microsecond pulsed, high repetition rate pulsed, and frequency chirped formats of interest for advanced sodium guide star laser systems.