Xianglei Liu, Patrick Kilcullen, Youmin Wang, Brandon Helfield, Jinyang Liang, "Ultrahigh-speed schlieren photography via diffraction-gated real-time mapping," Adv. Imaging 2, 015001 (2025)

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- Advanced Imaging
- Vol. 2, Issue 1, 015001 (2025)

Fig. 1. Schematic of DRUMS photography. (a) Schematic of the system. (b) Schematic of the DMD micromirror array, regarded as the combination of two rectangular grids of pitch highlighted by the yellow and gray colors. The inset illustrates the flipping action of the DMD micromirrors during pattern transition, with the hinge axis oriented parallel to the -axis.
![Simulation of DRUMS photography. (a) Five representative frames of the ground truth dynamic scene. (b) Close-up phase profiles of the simulated DMD during mirror flipping, corresponding to the frames shown in (a). (c) 2D Fourier spectrum of Frame 7 with the portion of spatial frequencies blocked by the knife-edge filter shown by the green-dash-filled rectangle. (d) Simulated frames recorded by DRUMS photography corresponding to the frames and phase profiles shown, respectively, in (a) and (b). (e)–(f) Line profiles [shown by the light blue horizontal lines in (d)] of DRUMS photography (light blue solid line) and the ground truth (black dashed line) in Frame 1 (e) and Frame 10 (f).](/richHtml/ai/2025/2/1/015001/img_002.png)
Fig. 2. Simulation of DRUMS photography. (a) Five representative frames of the ground truth dynamic scene. (b) Close-up phase profiles of the simulated DMD during mirror flipping, corresponding to the frames shown in (a). (c) 2D Fourier spectrum of Frame 7 with the portion of spatial frequencies blocked by the knife-edge filter shown by the green-dash-filled rectangle. (d) Simulated frames recorded by DRUMS photography corresponding to the frames and phase profiles shown, respectively, in (a) and (b). (e)–(f) Line profiles [shown by the light blue horizontal lines in (d)] of DRUMS photography (light blue solid line) and the ground truth (black dashed line) in Frame 1 (e) and Frame 10 (f).
![Characterization of the performance of DRUMS photography. (a) DRUM photography of the USAF 1951 resolution target under continuous-wave illumination. (b) DRUMS photography corresponding to the resolution target in (a). Close-up views show the details of Group 6 Element 2. (c) Comparison of line profiles of Group 4 Element 1 [shown by the light blue line in (b)] between DRUM photography (black dashed line) and DRUMS photography (blue solid light line). (d) DRUM photography of a fracture in a glass microscope slide under continuous-wave illumination modulated with a 50% duty cycle square wave at 2.5 Hz. (e) DRUMS photography corresponding to the scene in (d). (f) Time history of the normalized light intensity of the local region marked by a light blue rectangle in (e).](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 3. Characterization of the performance of DRUMS photography. (a) DRUM photography of the USAF 1951 resolution target under continuous-wave illumination. (b) DRUMS photography corresponding to the resolution target in (a). Close-up views show the details of Group 6 Element 2. (c) Comparison of line profiles of Group 4 Element 1 [shown by the light blue line in (b)] between DRUM photography (black dashed line) and DRUMS photography (blue solid light line). (d) DRUM photography of a fracture in a glass microscope slide under continuous-wave illumination modulated with a 50% duty cycle square wave at 2.5 Hz. (e) DRUMS photography corresponding to the scene in (d). (f) Time history of the normalized light intensity of the local region marked by a light blue rectangle in (e).

Fig. 4. DRUMS photography of laser-induced breakdown in distilled water. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup. (b) Selected DRUMS photography frames showing the evolution of the laser-induced plasma channel in distilled water using a 7 µJ pump pulse. (c) Time history of the channel length.

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