Terahertz wave can be applied to the rapid qualitative and quantitative identification of substances because of its characteristics of fingerprint identification and non-destructive detection. At present, the detection limit of terahertz technology is in the order of milligram. However, the concentration of the tested substance in the actual biomedical samples is usually in the order of microgram or even below, which limits the detection sensitivity and feasibility. In this study, by taking the glioma biomarkers: inositol (MI) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an example, based on the inductive-capacitive (LC) resonance, a metamaterial chip was designed to enhance THz detection sensitivity. Then, the terahertz spectra of the chip covered by MI and GABA at different concentrations was tested to prove that their resonance frequency shifts show different rules with the change of concentration, basing on which the qualitative identification could be achieved. And for known samples of MI and GABA, quantitative analysis could be achieved according to the frequency shifts law. According to calculations based on experimental data, the lower detection limits of proposed chip for these two samples are 3.457 µg and 2.552 µg, respectively, which are three orders of magnitude higher than the detection limit of the conventional tableting method. These results have important reference value for the qualitative and quantitative detection of trace specific substances of diseases in later biomedicine.