Terahertz technology has broad application prospects in non-destructive testing, biomedicine, industrial inspection, environmental monitoring, local area communications and national defense security. The terahertz detector in the terahertz system is its core component. Its performance determines the application market of the terahertz system and is one of the important research directions to promote the further development of terahertz technology. However, the low photon energy in the terahertz band makes it challenging to achieve high-speed and sensitive terahertz detection. With the advancement of nanotechnology and new material preparation technology, the high mobility and wide response band of low-dimensional materials provide new opportunities for terahertz detectors. Low-dimensional materials terahertz detectors have received extensive attention and their main advantages is high sensitivity, wide frequency band and low noise, and has made significant research progress in recent years. Although terahertz detectors have achieved breakthrough development, there are still some problems with various terahertz detectors. In this context, starting from the classification of terahertz detectors, the physical mechanism and latest research progress of bolometers, pyroelectric detectors, plasmon resonance detectors and hot carrier control detectors were briefly introduced. And look forward to the future development direction of low-dimensional material terahertz detectors.