Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) display remarkable photoelectric performance. However, defects such as weak stability in air and water environments limit the development of lead halide PQDs in solid-state light applications. Herein, centrifugal spinning is used for the fabrication of stable luminous CsPbBr3 PQD nanofibers. After immersion in water for 11 months, the PQD fibers still maintained considerable photoluminescence quantum yield, showing high stability in hostile environments. The water-stability mechanism of the fibers can be explained by the changing defect density, crystal growth of PQDs, and the molecular transformation at the fiber surface. The white LED based on the CsPbBr3 fibers exhibits satisfying color gamut performance (128% of National Television System Committee). Due to the short photoluminescence lifetime of CsPbBr3 PQDs, the communication potential is also considered. The CsPbBr3 fibers obtained by centrifugal spinning present a bandwidth of 11.2 MHz, showing promising performance for solid-state light and visible light communication applications.