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    Journals >Acta Optica Sinica >Volume 41 >Issue 9 >Page 0901001 > Article
    • Acta Optica Sinica
    • Vol. 41, Issue 9, 0901001 (2021)
    Observation of Aircraft Wake Vortex Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar
    Xiaoye Wang1, Songhua Wu1、2、3、*, Xiaoying Liu1, Jiaping Yin4, Weijun Pan5, and Xuan Wang5
    Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Marine Technology, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
  • 2Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
  • 3Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
  • 4Qingdao Leice Transient Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
  • 5Air Traffic Management Institute, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, Sichuan 618307, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/AOS202141.0901001 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Xiaoye Wang, Songhua Wu, Xiaoying Liu, Jiaping Yin, Weijun Pan, Xuan Wang. Observation of Aircraft Wake Vortex Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(9): 0901001 Copy Citation Text show less
    Location and layout of wake vortex observation. (a) MNA; (b) CSIA(landing stage); (c) CSIA(take-off stage)
    Fig. 1. Location and layout of wake vortex observation. (a) MNA; (b) CSIA(landing stage); (c) CSIA(take-off stage)
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    Flow chart of dynamic matching of PCDL scan fragments and flight information
    Fig. 2. Flow chart of dynamic matching of PCDL scan fragments and flight information
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    Principle diagram of wake vortex identification with radial velocity method
    Fig. 3. Principle diagram of wake vortex identification with radial velocity method
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    Principle diagrams of wake vortex identification with spectral width method. (a) Distribution of spectrum intensity; (b) schematic of spectrum width calculation
    Fig. 4. Principle diagrams of wake vortex identification with spectral width method. (a) Distribution of spectrum intensity; (b) schematic of spectrum width calculation
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    Examples of wake vortex identification by PCDL with different methods (Type A333, 20180910T001839). (a) Radial velocity method; (b) spectral width method
    Fig. 5. Examples of wake vortex identification by PCDL with different methods (Type A333, 20180910T001839). (a) Radial velocity method; (b) spectral width method
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    Bimodal distributions of radial velocity and spectrum width (Type A320, 20180910T000220)
    Fig. 6. Bimodal distributions of radial velocity and spectrum width (Type A320, 20180910T000220)
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    Identification of vortex core horizontal position based on Dspeed,Dwidth and DR. (a)(b) 20180910T000138; (c)(d) 20180910T210542; (e)(f) 20180910T155221
    Fig. 7. Identification of vortex core horizontal position based on Dspeed,Dwidth and DR. (a)(b) 20180910T000138; (c)(d) 20180910T210542; (e)(f) 20180910T155221
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    Radial velocity versus elevation angle (Type A333, 20180910T111901). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core
    Fig. 8. Radial velocity versus elevation angle (Type A333, 20180910T111901). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core
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    Visualization of vortex core location (Type A333, 20180910T111901)
    Fig. 9. Visualization of vortex core location (Type A333, 20180910T111901)
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    Theoretical and measured distributions of tangential velocity. (a) Theoretical distributions of tangential velocity and initial circulation[37]; (b) distribution of tangential velocity measured by PCDL (Type A333, 20180827T153828)
    Fig. 10. Theoretical and measured distributions of tangential velocity. (a) Theoretical distributions of tangential velocity and initial circulation[37]; (b) distribution of tangential velocity measured by PCDL (Type A333, 20180827T153828)
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    Comparison of retrieved circulation and B-H model fitting (Type A333, 20181015T081139). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core
    Fig. 11. Comparison of retrieved circulation and B-H model fitting (Type A333, 20181015T081139). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core
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    Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235035; (f) 20180907T235021; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117
    Fig. 12. Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235035; (f) 20180907T235021; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117
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    Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235021; (f) 20180907T235035; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117
    Fig. 13. Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235021; (f) 20180907T235035; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117
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    Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A333(20180907T2349). (a) Vortex core position; (b) circulation
    Fig. 14. Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A333(20180907T2349). (a) Vortex core position; (b) circulation
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    Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324; (h) 20180907T190338
    Fig. 15. Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324; (h) 20180907T190338
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    Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324;(h) 20180907T190338
    Fig. 16. Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324;(h) 20180907T190338
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    Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus B763 (20180907T1902). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation
    Fig. 17. Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus B763 (20180907T1902). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation
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    Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024
    Fig. 18. Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024
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    Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024
    Fig. 19. Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024
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    Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A320 (20180907T0419). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation
    Fig. 20. Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A320 (20180907T0419). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation
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    Radial velocity and spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus CRJ9. (a) 20180907T154531; (b) 20180907T154545; (c) 20180907T154559; (d) 20180907T154531; (e) 20180907T154545; (f) 20180907T154559
    Fig. 21. Radial velocity and spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus CRJ9. (a) 20180907T154531; (b) 20180907T154545; (c) 20180907T154559; (d) 20180907T154531; (e) 20180907T154545; (f) 20180907T154559
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    ParameterValue
    Wavelength /nm1550
    Pulse repetition rate /kHz10
    Pulse energy /μJ160
    Pulse width /ns100-200
    Power consumption /W<300
    Radial velocity measurement range /(m·s-1)-37.5-37.5
    Velocity measurement uncertainty /(m·s-1)≤0.1
    Measurement range /m40-6000
    Range resolution /m15-30
    Table 1. Technical specifications of Wind3D 6000 PCDL
    PhaseLocationDateScope
    Phase 1MNA20180806-20180821Observation of wake vortex during departing at MNA
    Phase 2CSIA20180825-20180920Observation of wake vortex during landing at CSIA
    Phase 3CSIA20180921-20181022Observation of wake vortex during departing at CSIA
    Table 2. Experimental information of wake vortex observation in Sichuan
    Parameter typeParameterSpecification
    PCDL observation parametersAzimuthal angle φ /(°)260(MNA)90(CSIA)
    Elevation angle θ /(°)0-25(phase 1)0-10(phase 2)0-30(phase 3)
    Scanning rate ω /[(°)·s-1]1-2
    Duration of each radial measurement Δt /sAbout 0.2
    Duration of each scanning t /s10-15
    Angle resolution Δθ /(°)0.1-0.4
    Aircraft trajectory informationTake-off run SD /m1500-3400
    Landing run SL /m1200-2600
    Maximum rate of climbing VC /(m·s-1)About 23
    Maximum rate of descending VD /(m·s-1)About 15
    Approach speed V0 /(m·s-1)66.9-75.1
    Characteristic speed /(m·s-1)1.33-1.90
    Characteristic time t0 /s13.3-36.7
    Table 3. PCDL observation parameters and aircraft trajectory information of wake vortex observation experiment in Sichuan
    Aircraft typeWing span /mMaximum take-off weight /(103 kg)Maximum landing weight /(103 kg)Initial distance between right and left wake vortex cores /mInitial circulation /(m2·s-1)Dissipation time /s
    A33360.3023018542100/130111
    B76347.5715913635180/12097
    A32034.1686620170/18570
    CRJ923.2373314165/7728
    Table 4. Dynamic parameters and wake vortex characteristic parameters of different aircraft types
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    Xiaoye Wang, Songhua Wu, Xiaoying Liu, Jiaping Yin, Weijun Pan, Xuan Wang. Observation of Aircraft Wake Vortex Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(9): 0901001
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