M. Ferraro1、2、†,*, F. Mangini1、3、†, Y. Sun1, M. Zitelli1, A. Niang1、3, M. C. Crocco2, V. Formoso2, R. G. Agostino2, R. Barberi2, A. De Luca2, A. Tonello4, V. Couderc4, S. A. Babin5、6, and S. Wabnitz1、6
Author Affiliations
1Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy2Physics Department and STAR infrastructure, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy3Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy4Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 87060 Limoges, France5Institute of Automation and Electrometry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia6Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russiashow less
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.451417
Cite this Article
Set citation alerts
M. Ferraro, F. Mangini, Y. Sun, M. Zitelli, A. Niang, M. C. Crocco, V. Formoso, R. G. Agostino, R. Barberi, A. De Luca, A. Tonello, V. Couderc, S. A. Babin, S. Wabnitz. Multiphoton ionization of standard optical fibers[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(6): 1394
Copy Citation Text
show less
Fig. 1. (a) Time evolution of the output beam power from a 30 cm long GRIN fiber span, for different values of the input peak power. The legend shows the values of input pulse energy and peak power, respectively. (b) Slow temporal evolution of the output spectrum, for fixed input pulse peak power P=1.41 MW (see Visualization 1). (c) Zoom-in of (b), for the first 285 s. (d) Same spectra of (c) at 7 temporal instants of time.
Fig. 2. (a) Wavelength dependence of the linear loss profile in simulations. (b) Numerical simulation of output spectrum changes versus input pulse energy. All parameters are the same as in experiments of Fig. 1. (c) Relationship between input pulse energy and long time scale obtained by fitting the violet curve in Fig. 1(a) with an exponential curve. (d) Same spectra of (b) at 8 temporal instants of time.
Fig. 3. Comparison between MPI regime established at 1.03 μm and 1.55 μm of wavelength: (a) transmission; (b), (c) luminescence; (d), (e) damages imaged by optical microscopy. The white bars in (b)–(e) correspond to 100 μm. The input energy and the peak power are E=323 nJ and P=1.64 MW at 1.03 μm and E=125 nJ and P=1.64 MW at 1.55 μm, respectively. The images in (d), (e) have been obtained after 1.5 h of exposure to the laser.
Fig. 4. X-ray imaging. (a) Radiography of a brand-new GRIN 50/125 fiber. (b) Corresponding intensity profile along the transverse direction x, averaged over 200 μm in z. (c) 3D rendering of the μ-CT image of a fiber, damaged by the exposure for 1.5 h to a laser pulse train at 1.03 μm wavelength and with 5.54 MW of peak power. Red, yellow, and blue zones are obtained by filtering the μ-CT intensity, as illustrated in panel (b). (d) Section of the fiber in the x–y plane.
Fig. 5. Analysis of fiber damages. (a) Optical microscope image. (b) Comparison between the intensity profile along the fiber axis in (a) (black curve) with the diameter of the red zone (red area). (c) Variation along z of the diameter of each zone.