An automated radiation calibration method is proposed based on the automated multichannel spectral radiometer (ATR), 6SV radiometric transfer model, historical hyperspectral reflectance model of Dunhuang site and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The proposed method can be used for radiation calibration continuously when the weather and satellite observation geometry parameters satisfy the conditions. Experiments are carried out at Dunhuang radiometric calibration site from August 2015 to March 2016, and effective observation data in 17 days is obtained. AQUA/MODIS is used as radiation benchmark to verify the accuracy and calibration frequency. Results show that the radiometric calibration for a satellite remote sensor can be conducted per average 10-15 days. The reflectivity at top of the atmosphere obtained by the proposed method is compared with the observed data by each channel of AQUA/MODIS, and we find that the relative deviation is less than 5%, the mean relative deviation is less than 2%, and the standard deviation is less than 2%.