• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 11, Issue 2, 203 (2023)
Ruichao Zhu1, Jiafu Wang1、4、*, Yajuan Han1, Yuxiang Jia1, Tonghao Liu1, Tianshuo Qiu1, Sai Sui1, Yongfeng Li1, Mingbao Yan1, Shaobo Qu1, and Cheng-Wei Qiu2、3、5、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
  • 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
  • 3NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215000, China
  • 4e-mail: wangjiafu1981@126.com
  • 5e-mail: chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.475471 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Ruichao Zhu, Jiafu Wang, Yajuan Han, Yuxiang Jia, Tonghao Liu, Tianshuo Qiu, Sai Sui, Yongfeng Li, Mingbao Yan, Shaobo Qu, Cheng-Wei Qiu. Virtual metasurfaces: reshaping electromagnetic waves in distance[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(2): 203 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Metasurface has provided unprecedented freedoms in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, exhibiting fascinating functions. Conventionally, these functions are implemented right on metasurfaces, where spatial modulations on EM wave amplitudes or phases are achieved by meta-atoms. This study proposes the concept of virtual metasurface (VM), which is formed by arrays of foci away from the entity metasurface. Unlike conventional metasurfaces, spatial modulations on the amplitudes or phases of EM waves occur in the air, with a focal length distance from the entity metasurface. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated a transmissive VM. The entity metasurface consists of transmissive focusing metasurface tiles (TFMTs) with the same focal length. Two TFMTs were designed with phase difference π to enable the most typical checkerboard configuration. The TFMTs were assembled to form the entity metasurface, whereas their foci formed the VM. Due to the π phase difference among adjacent foci, EM propagation along the normal direction was cancelled, leading to four tilted far-field beams. The concept of VM can be readily extended to higher frequencies from terahertz to optical regimes and may find wide applications in communication, camouflage, and other fields.
    φ(x,y)=φ0+2πλ(x2+y2+F2F),

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    α=arctan(fRmRf),Rhole=(fHR)/tan(α)+Rf.(B1)

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    Ruichao Zhu, Jiafu Wang, Yajuan Han, Yuxiang Jia, Tonghao Liu, Tianshuo Qiu, Sai Sui, Yongfeng Li, Mingbao Yan, Shaobo Qu, Cheng-Wei Qiu. Virtual metasurfaces: reshaping electromagnetic waves in distance[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(2): 203
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