Metallic glass is a new type of alloy formed via rapid cooling and temperature reduction in the molten state. Owing to its excellent physical and chemical properties, it shows great application potential in the fields of aviation, chemical, and military, among others. The manufacturing technology of metallic glass has advanced, realizing the fabrication of different substrates and large bulk metallic glasses. However, the high-quality and efficient processing of metallic glass is challenged by many problems. Traditional processing methods may induce crystallization and oxidation under high temperature and strain, leading to the loss of the excellent properties of the material and hindering its wide application. With the recent advancement of ultrashort pulsed laser devices, ultrashort pulsed laser processing facilitates the high-quality, high-efficiency, and low-loss processing of metallic glass owing to its small thermal effect, high processing accuracy, and low crystallization and oxidation. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between the ultrashort pulsed laser and metallic glass has been studied. This article mainly introduces the special properties of metallic glass and the interaction mechanism of the ultrashort pulsed laser processing of metallic glass, discusses research progress on the ultrashort pulsed laser processing of metallic glass, and summarizes the prospective problems of the ultrashort pulsed laser processing of metallic glass.