Fig. 1. Schematic of OCDP technology. (a) OCDP system; (b) typical result of OCDP system
Fig. 2. Schematic of optical path tracking method
Fig. 3. (a) White light interferometer with power attenuator; (b) relationship between SNR degradation and light power of reference arm
Fig. 4. (a) Balanced detection optical path; (b) relationship between theoretical SNR and splitting ratio of coupler 1[34]
Fig. 5. (a) Schematic of PBS-calibrated method; (b) comparison between results of PBS-calibrated method and traditional method
Fig. 6. (a) Structure of differential optical delay line; (b) comparison of insertion loss fluctuation between differential structure and single GRIN lens
Fig. 7. (a) Schematic of range extention of optical delay line; (b) self-calibration signals after range extention of optical delay line
Fig. 8. (a) Typical test results of Y waveguide before and after dispersion compensation; (b) schematic of dispersion measurement; (c) flow chart of dispersion compensation
Fig. 9. (a) Schematic of closed-loop dispersion compensation; criterion function surface corresponding to PMF in range of (b) 945-960 m and (c) 1950-1980 m; original data (blue curve) and its counterpart after dispersion compensation (red curve) corresponding to PMF in range of (d) 945-960 m and (e) 1950-1980 m
Fig. 10. Prototype of white-light interferometric measurement system for (a) fiber coil and (b) Y waveguide
Fig. 11. (a) Schmetic of measurement method for Y waveguide; (b) typical test result of Y waveguide
Fig. 12. Schematics of (a) ultra-simple structure and (b) improved structure for simultaneous measurement of both arms of Y waveguide
Fig. 13. (a) Schematic and (b) measurement result of reflection modes from substrate of Y waveguide core
Fig. 14. Distributed polarization crosstalk of PMF coil with length greater than 3 km. (a) Measurement results with dispersion; (b) measurement results after dispersion compensation (IPP method: iterative phase packet method)
Fig. 15. Fourier analysis of fiber coil measurement results
Path | Transmission time | Normalized amplitude |
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1 | tf,MX+tf,XN | cos θ1cos θ2 | 2 | tf,MX+ts,XN | ρXcos θ1sin θ2 | 3 | ts,MX+tf,XN | ρXsin θ1cos θ2 | 4 | ts,MX+ts,XN | sin θ1sin θ2 |
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Table 1. Transmission time and amplitude of all wave trains for a PMF with one perturbation point
Wave strain | Wave strain | Time-delaydifference | Normalized crosstalkamplitude |
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1' | 1″ | 0 | cos2θ1cos2θ2 | 2' | | 2″ | cos2θ1sin2θ2 | 3' | | 3″ | sin2θ1cos2θ2 | 4' | | 4″ | sin2θ1sin2θ2 | 1' | 2″ | τXN | ρXcos2θ1cosθ2sinθ2 | 3' | | 4″ | ρXsin2θ1cosθ2sinθ2 | 1' | 3″ | τMX | ρXcosθ1sinθ2cos2θ2 | 2' | | 4″ | ρXcosθ1sinθ2sin2θ2 | 1' | 4″ | τMX+τXN | cosθ1sinθ2cosθ2sinθ2 | 2' | 3″ | τMX-τXN | cosθ1sinθ1cosθ2sinθ2 |
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Table 2. Normalized time-delay difference and amplitude of interferogram for a PMF with one perturbation point
Time-delay difference | Normalized crosstalk amplitude |
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0 | 1 | τXN | ρX |
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Table 3. Time-delay difference and normalized crosstalk amplitude of interferogram
Country | Organization | Model | Technical configuration | Wavelength/nm | Sensitivity/dB | Dynamic range /dB | Spatial resolution /cm | Measurement length /m (Δn=5×10-4) | Dispersion compensation function |
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France | Photonetics Company | WIN-P400 | Bulk optic | 850, 1310 or 1550 | -80 | 80 | 10 | 1600 | None | USA | General Photonics Company | PXA-1000 | Fiber optic | 1310 or 1550 | -95 | 75 | 5 | 1300 or 2600 | None | South Korea | FIBERPRO Company | ICD800 | Bulk optic | 1310 or 1550 | -80 | 80 | 10 | 1000 | None | China | Harbin Engineering University | OCDP-F-SLD | Fiber optic | 1310 or 1550 | -105 | 100 | 8(Full range) | 5000 | Yes |
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Table 4. Performance of white-light interferometric measurement system proposed by our subject group comparing with foreign similar instruments