Optical coherence domain polarimetry (OCDP) is a measurment method based on white light interferometry and accurately measures distributed polarization characteristics of polarization maintaining fiber devices and components by energy coupling (polarization crosstalk) in polarization transmission modes. It has advantages of ultra-high polarization sensitivity (polarization crosstalk is from -100 dB to -90 dB), high spatial resolution (5-10 cm), ultra-wide dynamic range (109-1010), and large scanning range (several kilometers), which meet ultra-high performance measurement requirements for polarization maintaining fiber devices and components including key components and optical circuits of fiber-optic gyroscopes. The principle and key technique of OCDP are reviewed including the measurment principle and accurate modeling method of distributed polarization crosstalk, and several key techniques of OCDP instrumentation. The application of OCDP in quantitative measuring as well as diagnosing and evaluating the integrated waveguide modulator with ultra-high extinction ratio and ultra-large length sensing fiber coil is demonstrated. An outlook of future developments of OCDP in measurement of key components and total optical circuits of high precision fiber-optic gyroscopes is provided aiming at complicated and changeable application environment of high performance optical fiber transducers.