The detection of bioluminescense is widely used on the ground, while the detection of bioluminescence in space is still at the stage of detecting bright bioluminescense. With the rapid development of research in space life sciences, it will be necessary to develop a detection technology to detect weak bioluminescense. Compared with the low-light detection techniques for ground, the advantage of Electron Multiplying (EM) CCDs for space application was summed up, and a space bioluminescence imaging detection system suggestion based on EMCCDs was proposed. Analyzed the acquisition of weak signal and the Signal-noise Ratio (SNR) of the system from target brightness, illumination on the photosensitive area and the refrigeration of the detector, demonstrates the feasibility and capability of the space bioluminescence imaging detecting system based on EMCCDs.