An optical fiber sensing technology based on loss vector Brillouin optical time domain analysis (VBOTDA) is proposed. By constructing a heterodyne detection based simulation experiment system, the amplitude loss spectrum and phase shift spectrum of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) are measured, and the temperature measurement of 50 m long sensing fiber is realized. The results show that the Brillouin frequency shifts obtained by SBS phase shift spectrum measurement agree basically with that obtained by amplitude loss spectrum measurement, and that both show a good linear relationship with the temperature. The temperature coefficient of Brillouin frequency shift obtained by loss VBOTDA is 1.16 MHz/℃, which is well consistent with the result of 1.2 MHz/℃ obtained by conventional BOTDA system. According to the theoretical and experimental results, the advantages of the proposed technology are analyzed.