In order to reduce or eliminate the "stress shielding" effect of artificial implants and improve the biocompatibility, mechanical properties of porous structures formed by selective laser melting (SLM) technology need to be studied. Through the preparation of 316L stainless steel body core cubic (BCC) and regular dodecahedron (RD) porous structures, the longitudinal compression test of the molded parts was carried out respectively, and the Gibson-Ashby model was established to predict the elastic modulus value of the porous structure. The effects of porosity, average pore diameter and specific surface area on elastic modulus and compressive strength of porous structures were analyzed by fractal interpolation. The analysis results show that when the porosity of 316L stainless steel porous structure sample is 55.13%-94.74%, the average pore diameter is 1.90-4.22 mm, and the specific surface area is 0.54-4.33, the elastic modulus is 0.375-1.716 GPa, and the compressive strength is 43.19-160.31 MPa. The elastic modulus of human bone was 0.9-1.7 GPa, which meets the requirements of implants. Porosity, average pore diameter and specific surface area have little influence on the elastic modulus and the amplitude of compressive strength of the dodecahedral porous structure, but have greater influence on the body-centered cubic porous structure. The compressive strength of the dodecahedron porous structure is 111.75-160.31 MPa, and the compressive strength of the body centered cubic porous structure is 43.19-158.03 MPa. The performance of the dodecahedron porous structure is better than that of the body centered cubic structure. This paper provides the basis for the research on the preparation of 316L stainless steel porous structure by selective laser melting.