• Opto-Electronic Engineering
  • Vol. 51, Issue 8, 240079 (2024)
Zhichao Zhang1,2,3, Lan Hai1,2,3, Shurui Zhang1,2,3, Chunqing Gao1,2,3, and Shiyao Fu1,2,3,*
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
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    DOI: 10.12086/oee.2024.240079 Cite this Article
    Zhichao Zhang, Lan Hai, Shurui Zhang, Chunqing Gao, Shiyao Fu. Advances on the manipulation of structured beams with multiple degrees of freedom[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2024, 51(8): 240079 Copy Citation Text show less
    The extra-cavity manipulation of VVBs. (a) The generation of optical skyrmions by OAM manipulation on opposite SAM states[64]; (b) The generation of perfect VVBs using cascaded LC-SLMs[67]
    Fig. 1. The extra-cavity manipulation of VVBs. (a) The generation of optical skyrmions by OAM manipulation on opposite SAM states[64]; (b) The generation of perfect VVBs using cascaded LC-SLMs[67]
    The intra-cavity manipulation of VVBs. (a) The generation of high-order Poincare sphere beams from a laser using Q-plate [75]; (b) The non-linear generation of wave-tunable CVBs in OPO cavity[76]; (c) The scheme of single-frequency CVBs laser[78]; (d) The generation of hybrid Poincare sphere beams using meta-surface[79]
    Fig. 2. The intra-cavity manipulation of VVBs. (a) The generation of high-order Poincare sphere beams from a laser using Q-plate [75]; (b) The non-linear generation of wave-tunable CVBs in OPO cavity[76]; (c) The scheme of single-frequency CVBs laser[78]; (d) The generation of hybrid Poincare sphere beams using meta-surface[79]
    The representation and manipulation of SU (2) coherent states. (a) SU (2) Poincare sphere beams[80]; (b) The SU(2) coherent states decided by the frequency degeneracy and the coherent phase[83]; (c) The manipulation principle of 3-DoFs 8-dimensional nonseparable states[85]; (d) The digital modulation of SU(2) coherent states[87]; (e) The intra-cavity manipulation of 3-DoF nonseparable states[90]
    Fig. 3. The representation and manipulation of SU (2) coherent states. (a) SU (2) Poincare sphere beams[80]; (b) The SU(2) coherent states decided by the frequency degeneracy and the coherent phase[83]; (c) The manipulation principle of 3-DoFs 8-dimensional nonseparable states[85]; (d) The digital modulation of SU(2) coherent states[87]; (e) The intra-cavity manipulation of 3-DoF nonseparable states[90]
    The complex vortex array coupled by multi-DoFs. (a) The vector vortices array manipulated by 2D grating[99]; (b) The five DoFs manipulation on vector vortices array using phase-only grating[98]; (c) The higher dimensional vector vortices array manipulated by 3-DoFs[100]
    Fig. 4. The complex vortex array coupled by multi-DoFs. (a) The vector vortices array manipulated by 2D grating[99]; (b) The five DoFs manipulation on vector vortices array using phase-only grating[98]; (c) The higher dimensional vector vortices array manipulated by 3-DoFs[100]
    The novel structured beams manipulated by multi-DoFs in the space-time domain. (a) Spatiotemporal beams with two OAMs[106]; (b) The schematic diagram of scalar spatiotemporal vortices[107]; (c) The experimental scheme and the mode conversion of vector spatiotemporal vortices[109]; (d) Vortex rings of light[110]; (e) “Photonic conchs” [111]; (f) Flying electromagnetic doughnuts manipulated by metasurface[112]; (g) The photonic hopfions with 3D topological structure[113]
    Fig. 5. The novel structured beams manipulated by multi-DoFs in the space-time domain. (a) Spatiotemporal beams with two OAMs[106]; (b) The schematic diagram of scalar spatiotemporal vortices[107]; (c) The experimental scheme and the mode conversion of vector spatiotemporal vortices[109]; (d) Vortex rings of light[110]; (e) “Photonic conchs” [111]; (f) Flying electromagnetic doughnuts manipulated by metasurface[112]; (g) The photonic hopfions with 3D topological structure[113]
    Zhichao Zhang, Lan Hai, Shurui Zhang, Chunqing Gao, Shiyao Fu. Advances on the manipulation of structured beams with multiple degrees of freedom[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2024, 51(8): 240079
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