We investigate the polarization transmission characteristic of typical non-spherical particles to solve the problems encountered by these particles in nature. The polarization transmission characteristics of the ellipsoid, cylindrical, and Chebyshev particles while applying the T-matrix algorithm and the difference in the polarization transmission characteristics of the spherical particles are studied. The results denote that for the ellipsoid particles with medium ratio of transverse and longitudinal axis, the degree of polarization (DOP) variation with different shapes is very small and can approximate with that for the Mie scattering method when the scattering angle is less than 60°. In case of the scattering angle being larger than 60°, the DOP is rather changeable with different transverse and longitudinal axis ratios. Further, the difference between the spherical and ellipsoid particles significantly changes with the increasing ratio. The DOP variation in case of the cylinder particles with medium ratio of diameter and height is more stable than that observed in case of the ellipsoid particles but is still not suitable for performing Mie scattering approximation in the side-scattering and back-scattering area. The polarization curves for the extreme-ratio ellipsoid and cylinder particles exhibit a shape similar to that of a bell and has the largest DOP at a scattering angle of 90°. The deformation parameters and the levels of Chebyshev particles have little effect on the polarization characteristic in the forward scattering area but considerable influence in the back-scattering area. The sensitivity also decreases with the increasing level. These results provide theoretical guidance for studying the polarization transmission characteristic of the non-spherical particles and the approximation problem of the spherical particles.