Fig. 1. Powder morphologies before and after ball milling. (a) 316L stainless steel powder; (b) V8C7/316L composite powder; (c) partial enlargement of composite powder
Fig. 2. Diagrams of lattice structure. (a) Front view of lattice structure; (b) oblique view of lattice structure; (c) front view of unit cell; (d) oblique view of unit cell
Fig. 3. Comparison of density of V8C7/316L MMCs under different process parameters
Fig. 4. Microstructures of samples in building direction. (a) Sample of 316L stainless steel; (b) sample of V8C7/316L composite
Fig. 5. SEM image of V8C7/316L composite. (a) Microstructure; (b) partial enlargement of Fig. 5(a); (c) grain boundaries and reinforcements
Fig. 6. XRD pattern of V8C7/316L composite
Fig. 7. Schematics of formation mechanism of microstructural characteristics. (a) 316L stainless steel; (b) V8C7/316L composite
Fig. 8. Stress-strain curves of 316L and V8C7/316L samples. (a) Stress-strain curves under tension, (b) stress-strain curves under compression
Fig. 9. Morphologies of V8C7/316L lattice structure. (a) Macroscopic morphology; (b) SEM image of upper surface; (c) SEM image of overhanging structure in lattice
Fig. 10. Compressive properties of 316L and V8C7/316L lattice structures. (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) partial enlarged view of stress-strain curves; (c) compression deformation behavior
Component | Fe | Cr | Ni | Mo | Mn | Si | P | O | S |
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Mass fraction /% | Bal. | 16.79 | 10.66 | 2.42 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.025 | 0.0247 | 0.011 |
|
Table 1. Chemical composition of 316L stainless steel powder
Characteristic | Purity /% | Particle size /nm | Density /(g·cm-3) | Shape |
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Value | >99.9 | 800 | 5.77 | Irregular |
|
Table 2. Physical characteristics of V8C7 powders