Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China2Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic of LITE
Fig. 2. LITE instrument on orbit
Fig. 3. LITE system functional diagram
Fig. 4. CALIOP Optomechanical system
Fig. 5. Functional block diagram of CALIOP
Fig. 6. CALIOP payload
Fig. 7. CATS instrument on oribit
Fig. 8. CATS – ISS payload
Fig. 9. Work table for laser1 emitted 532 and 1 064 nm
Fig. 10. Solid model of LOM 2 and its THG on a platform
Fig. 11. Telescope
Fig. 12. Detector standard boxes for Mode 1 (LFOV and RFOV) and Mode 3
Fig. 13. Satellite and instruments observation geometry
Fig. 14. ATLID sampling and measurement principle
Fig. 15. ATLID opto-mechanical system
Fig. 16. Instrument functional architecture
Fig. 17. Beam steering mechanism
Fig. 18. Power laser head mechanical structure
Fig. 19. Beam expander
Fig. 20. Telescope and primary mirror structure
Fig. 21. Aft optical path system
Fig. 22. High spectral resolution filtering optical principle
Fig. 23. Incoming filter
Fig. 24. Cutoff filter
Fig. 25. Fibre coupler
Fig. 26. Co-alignment sensor STM
Fig. 27. High spectral resolution etalon
Fig. 28. Principle of Cassegrain telescope
Fig. 29. Detection principle of hyperspectral resolution lidar
| Troposphere | Stratosphere | Cloud | Earth’s surface | | Relationship between aerosol scattering ratio and wavelength height and structure of PBL Optical thickness of PBL | Relationship between aerosol scattering ratio and wavelength atmospheric density and temperature within 40 km | Vertical distribution, cloud cover reflectivity, optical thickness | Reflectivity relation between backscatter and incident angle |
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Table 1. Detection mission of the LITE
LITE探测任务
| Item | Value | | Output wavelenth/nm | 1 064 | 532 | 355 | | Laser A output energy/mJ | 470 | 530 | 170 | | Laser A beam divergence/mrad | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | | Laser B output energy/mJ | 440 | 560 | 160 | | Laser B beam divergence/mrad | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | | Pulse repetition rate/Hz | 10 | | Pulse width/ns | 27 |
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Table 2. Laser performance parameters
激光器性能参数
| Item | Value | | Aft optics | Wavelength/nm | 1 064 | 532 | 355 | | Quantum efficiency | 33 | 14 | 21 | | Color filter bandwidth/nm | 675 | 265 | 60 | | Interference filter bandwidth/nm | 0.8 | 0.35 | 1 | | Interference gilter transmission | 46% | 45% | 33% | | Optical throughput (night) | 64% | 45% | 42% | | Optical throughput (day) | 29% | 20% | 14% | | Field of view (all wavelengths) Selectable:1.1 mrad, 3.5 mrad, annular, blocked | | Telescope | Primary mirror diameter/in | 37.25 | | Secondary mirror diameter/in | 12.25 | | Focal length | 189.0 | | Focal ratio | F/5.1
| | Obscuration ratio | 0.11 |
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Table 3. Receiving system parameters
接收系统参数
| Item | Value | | Laser | Diode-pumped Nd:YAG | | Pulse energy | 110 mJ:1 064 nm | | 110 mJ:532 nm | | Pep rate | 20.16 Hz | | Pulse length | 20 ns | | Line width | 30 pm | | Polarization purity | >1 000∶1 (532 nm) | | Beam divergence | (after beam expander)
| | Boresight range | ±1°,1.6 μrad steps | | Laser environment | 18 psia, dry air |
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Table 4. CALIOP transmitter system parameters
CALIOP发射系统参数
| Item | Value | | Telescope diameter | 1 m | | Field of view/mrad | 130(full angle) | | Digitizer sample rate/MHz | 10 | | Vertical sample spacing/m | 15 | | Electronic bandwidth/MHz | 2.0 | | Vertical resolution as determined by bandwidth/m | 30 | | Digitizer resolution/bits | 14 | | Maximum dynamic range(merged) | 2.5 E6(>21 bits) | | 532 nm channel | | Detector | PMT | | Etalon passband/pm | 37 | | Etalon peak transmission | 85% | | Blocking filter/pm | 770 | | 1 064 nm channel | | Detector | APD | | Optical passband/pm | 450 | | Peak transmission | 84% |
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Table 5. CALIOP receiving system parameters
CALIOP接收系统参数
| Science mode 1
Backsctter:532,1 064 nm
No HSRL Depolarization:
532,1 064 nm
| Science mode 2
Backsctter:532,1 064 nm
HSRL:532 nm Depolarization:
1 064 nm
| Science mode 3
Backsctter:355,532,1 064 nm
No HSRL Depolarization:
532,1 064 nm
| Science modes 4,5,6
Backup mode
Use laser 2 and receiver
from mode 1
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Table 6. CATS main science modes
CATS主要科学模式
| Item | Parameters | | Laser1 | Nd:YVO4 | | Repetition rate | 5 000 Hz | | Output divergence | 532 nm:0.75 mrad to 1.125 mrad | | 1 064 nm: 0.75 mrad to 1.8 mrad | | Output beam diameter | 532 nm:<1 300 | | 1 064 nm:<1 300 | | Output beam energy | 2 mJ: 532 nm | | 2 mJ: 1 064 nm | | Wavelength | 532.12 nm | | 1 064.25 nm | | Line width | 532 nm:45 pm | | 1 064 nm:100 nm | | Pulse width | 532 nm:<10 ns | | 1 064 nm:<10 ns | | M2 | 532 nm:1.1-1.2 | | 1 064 nm:1.2-13 | | Polarization | 532 nm:>100:1 | | 532 nm: >100:1 |
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Table 7. Performance parameters of laser 1
激光器1性能参数
| Laser2 | Injection-seeded, pulsed Nd: YVO4 | | 2 wavelengths | 3 wavelengths | | Repetition rate | 4000 Hz | | Output divergence | 355 nm | N/A | 0.7 mrad to 1.875 mrad | | 532 nm | 0.75 mrad to 1.125 mrad | 1.275 mrad to 1.875 mrad | | 1 064 nm | 0.75 mrad to 1.8 mrad | 1.275 mrad to
3 mrad
| | Output beam diameter | 355 nm | N/A | <1300 | | 532 nm | <1300 | | 1 064 nm | | Output beam energy | 355 nm | N/A | 2 mJ | | 532 nm | 2 mJ | | 1 064 nm | | Wavelength | 355 nm | N/A | 354.75 | | 532 nm | 532.12 nm | 532.12 nm | | 1 064 nm | 1064.25 nm | 1064.25 nm | | Line width | 355 nm | N/A | 0.08 pm | | 532 nm | <0.5 pm | 0.145 pm | | 1 064 nm | 0.5 pm | | Pulse width | 355 nm | N/A | <10 ns | | 532 nm | <10 ns | | 1 064 nm | | M2 | 355 nm | N/A | 1.08 | | 532 nm | 1.25 | 1.5 | | 1 064 nm | 1.39 | 3.1 | | Polarization | 355 nm | N/A | >100∶1 | | 532 nm | >100∶1 | | 1 064 nm |
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Table 8. Performance parameters of laser 2
激光器2性能参数
