Self-encoding and common markers are designed to improve the capacity and efficiency of automatic encoding of the markers in a large-sized target calibration field. An indoor target calibration field is established, where the self-encoding markers are adopted as the encoding reference and the common markers are adopted as the control-point targets. Based on the principle of “homologous points with same number,” an automatic encoding method is proposed to deal with the self-encoding and common markers. This method can automatically realize the automatic coding mapping between the image markers and the object control-point markers with the same name, avoid setting the number of image markers manually, and improve the calibration efficiency. Subsequently, the general form of indirect adjustment model is derived for the calibration of a multi-view combined camera with implicit constraints. This model is then applied to calibrating a developed multi-view camera comprising webcams. The experimental results denote that the proposed method exhibits the advantages of large encoding capacity (up to 65535), high decoding efficiency, and automatic decoding. Because the relative orientation parameters exhibit less fluctuation and the back-projection root-mean-square (RMS) error in the image point plane is less than 0.20 pixel, the robustness and accuracy of the calibration can be improved using the proposed calibration method. Furthermore, the usage of the proposed method can be easily extended to other similar multi-view or panoramic cameras to obtain appropriate calibration.