• Acta Photonica Sinica
  • Vol. 51, Issue 7, 0751403 (2022)
Wenhui FAN*, Hui YAN, Xiaoqiang JIANG, Longchao CHEN, Zhuanping ZHENG, Jia LIU, Hui LI, Ling DING, and Chao SONG
Author Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics,Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119,China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20225107.0751403 Cite this Article
    Wenhui FAN, Hui YAN, Xiaoqiang JIANG, Longchao CHEN, Zhuanping ZHENG, Jia LIU, Hui LI, Ling DING, Chao SONG. Ultrafast Terahertz Characteristic Spectroscopy Based on Femtosecond Laser and Its Application(Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2022, 51(7): 0751403 Copy Citation Text show less
    The classification of typical THz emitters
    Fig. 1. The classification of typical THz emitters
    The classification of typical THz detectors
    Fig. 2. The classification of typical THz detectors
    Schematic of THz radiation from a THz-PCA excited by femtosecond pump laser
    Fig. 3. Schematic of THz radiation from a THz-PCA excited by femtosecond pump laser
    The simulated time-domain characteristics of the carrier density corresponding to different peak powers of pump laser(G0 = 1 × 1016 cm-3,1 × 1017 cm-3 and 1 × 1018 cm-3)
    Fig. 4. The simulated time-domain characteristics of the carrier density corresponding to different peak powers of pump laser(G0 = 1 × 1016 cm-3,1 × 1017 cm-3 and 1 × 1018 cm-3
    The simulated time-domain characteristics of the carrier density under different pulse durations of pump laser(δt = 25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    Fig. 5. The simulated time-domain characteristics of the carrier density under different pulse durations of pump laser(δt = 25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    The simulated time-domain characteristics of the carrier density under different carrier life-times(τc = 0.5 ps,1 ps,and 2 ps)
    Fig. 6. The simulated time-domain characteristics of the carrier density under different carrier life-times(τc = 0.5 ps,1 ps,and 2 ps)
    The calculated time-domain characteristics of photocurrent density under different carrier life-times(τc = 0.5 ps,1 ps,and 2 ps)
    Fig. 7. The calculated time-domain characteristics of photocurrent density under different carrier life-times(τc = 0.5 ps,1 ps,and 2 ps)
    The calculated time-domain characteristics of current density under different pulse durations of pump laser(δt = 25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    Fig. 8. The calculated time-domain characteristics of current density under different pulse durations of pump laser(δt = 25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    The simulated time-domain profile of transient photocurrent under different peak powers of pump laser(G0 = 1 × 1016 cm-3,1 × 1017 cm-3 and 1 × 1018 cm-3)
    Fig. 9. The simulated time-domain profile of transient photocurrent under different peak powers of pump laser(G0 = 1 × 1016 cm-3,1 × 1017 cm-3 and 1 × 1018 cm-3
    The relationship between the peak amplitude of THz radiation and the carrier life-time of photoconductor(τc = 0.5 ps,1 ps,and 2 ps)
    Fig. 10. The relationship between the peak amplitude of THz radiation and the carrier life-time of photoconductor(τc = 0.5 ps,1 ps,and 2 ps)
    The relationship between the peak amplitude of THz radiation and the pulse durations of pump laser(δt = 25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    Fig. 11. The relationship between the peak amplitude of THz radiation and the pulse durations of pump laser(δt = 25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    The relationship between the peak amplitude of THz radiation and the peak pump laser power corresponding to the peak carrier generation rate(G0 = 1 × 1016 cm-3,1 × 1017 cm-3 and 1 × 1018 cm-3)
    Fig. 12. The relationship between the peak amplitude of THz radiation and the peak pump laser power corresponding to the peak carrier generation rate(G0 = 1 × 1016 cm-3,1 × 1017 cm-3 and 1 × 1018 cm-3
    Schematic of coherent detection on THz waves by THz-PCA
    Fig. 13. Schematic of coherent detection on THz waves by THz-PCA
    The relationship between the surface photoconductivity of THz-PCA detector and the pulse duration of probe laser(τp = 10 fs,15 fs,25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    Fig. 14. The relationship between the surface photoconductivity of THz-PCA detector and the pulse duration of probe laser(τp = 10 fs,15 fs,25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)
    The relationship between the detected THz signals and the pulse duration of probe laser(τpd = 10 fs,15 fs,25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)and the red curve is the received THz signal
    Fig. 15. The relationship between the detected THz signals and the pulse duration of probe laser(τpd = 10 fs,15 fs,25 fs,50 fs,and 100 fs)and the red curve is the received THz signal
    The relationship between the surface photoconductivity of THz-PCA detector and the carrier life-time(τc = 0.1 ps,0.5 ps,1.0 ps,2.0 ps,and 3.0 ps)
    Fig. 16. The relationship between the surface photoconductivity of THz-PCA detector and the carrier life-time(τc = 0.1 ps,0.5 ps,1.0 ps,2.0 ps,and 3.0 ps)
    The relationship between the detected THz signals and the carrier life-times(τc = 0.1 ps,0.2 ps,0.5 ps,1.0 ps,and 2.0 ps)and the red curve is the received THz signal
    Fig. 17. The relationship between the detected THz signals and the carrier life-times(τc = 0.1 ps,0.2 ps,0.5 ps,1.0 ps,and 2.0 ps)and the red curve is the received THz signal
    The THz-PCA incorporated with plasmonic nanostructures
    Fig. 18. The THz-PCA incorporated with plasmonic nanostructures
    The simulation of THz-PCA without and with injury
    Fig. 19. The simulation of THz-PCA without and with injury
    The view of home-made THz-PCAs
    Fig. 20. The view of home-made THz-PCAs
    The experimental results of our designed THz-PCA
    Fig. 21. The experimental results of our designed THz-PCA
    The optical transmission and the electric field distributions in the photoconductor
    Fig. 22. The optical transmission and the electric field distributions in the photoconductor
    The optical transmission and the schematic of designed THz-PCA with adhesion layer
    Fig. 23. The optical transmission and the schematic of designed THz-PCA with adhesion layer
    The schematic and simulation results of designed THz-PCA
    Fig. 24. The schematic and simulation results of designed THz-PCA
    Schematic diagram of typical THz-TDS system
    Fig. 25. Schematic diagram of typical THz-TDS system
    THz spectra of amino acids and nucleobases
    Fig. 26. THz spectra of amino acids and nucleobases
    THz spectra of saccharides
    Fig. 27. THz spectra of saccharides
    Molecular structures,THz spectra of organic acids and their salts
    Fig. 28. Molecular structures,THz spectra of organic acids and their salts
    THz spectra of benzenediols comparing with calculated THz spectra
    Fig. 29. THz spectra of benzenediols comparing with calculated THz spectra
    THz spectral analysis of glucose anhydrate and monohydrate mixtures
    Fig. 30. THz spectral analysis of glucose anhydrate and monohydrate mixtures
    Schematic diagram of analysis process for multi-component mixtures by machine learning
    Fig. 31. Schematic diagram of analysis process for multi-component mixtures by machine learning
    MaterialsAdvantagesDisadvantagesKey performance reported
    GaAs

    800 nm excitation;

    mature processing technology

    Poor absorption at 1.55 μm

    104 Signal-To-Noise(SNR)in THz detection 61

    60 kV/cm break threshold 62

    0.25 ps carrier lifetime 63

    1.5 times enhancement of THz radiation power 64

    InGaAs

    1.55 μm excitation;

    fiber based laser system

    Relatively long carrier lifetime

    125 SNR in THz detection 65

    < 5 ps recombination time of carriers 66

    860 µW THz average power 67

    InGa(Al)As

    heterostructures

    1.55 μm excitation;

    short carrier life-time

    Complex material growth

    103 SNR in THz detection 55

    6 THz bandwidth in THz generation 68

    1 V/cm THz amplitude with 4 THz bandwidth in THz generation 69

    Other group Ⅲ-ⅤHigh operation thresholdUnder developing1 THz bandwidth and 102 SNR in THz detection 57
    Table 0. The typical photoconductive materials
    TypesAdvantagesDisadvantagesKey performance reported
    Large aperture dipolesThe saturation effects can be greatly alleviatedHigh bias field

    No saturation effects until the 90 μW/cm2 of optical fluence 71

    4 times enhancement of THz radiation power 72

    Dipole arraysThe complexity in optical alignment

    1.9 mW THz radiation power 73.

    Detect the polarization state of THz waves 74

    Interdigitated electrodesThe complex fabrication and design process

    15~85 V/cm radiated THz field 75-76

    > 80 kV/cm radiated THz field 77

    6 times enhancement of maximum detected THz intensity 78

    Average THz radiated power of 3.956 4 mW 79

    Table 0. The Summary of conventional THz-PCAs
    TypesKey performance reported
    All-dielectric gratings

    70% enhancement of THz radiation power(simulation)98

    106 SNR in THz detection over 0.1~4.0 THz 99

    3 times enhancement of THz radiation power 100

    3.92 times enhancement of THz radiation power 101

    All-dielectric metasurfaces

    6-time enhancement of SNR in THz detection over 0.1~1.1 THz 102

    106 THz-TDS dynamic range at 5 μW excitation 103

    Topological insulator60 dB dynamic operation range 104
    Si quantum dots~880 times enhancement of THz detection sensitivity 105
    Table 0. The development of THz-PCA incorporated with all-dielectric nanostructures
    TypesKey performance reported
    Plasmonic light concentrators

    2.4 times enhancement of THz radiation power 82

    20 dB enhancement of THz radiation power 83

    5.6 times enhancement of THz radiation power 84

    Plasmonic contact electrodes

    50 times enhancement of THz radiation power 49

    30 times enhancement of THz detection sensitivity 49

    7.5% optical-to-THz conversion efficiency in THz generation 85

    40 times enhancement of output photocurrent in THz detection 86

    17 μW radiation power at 1 THz 87

    THz detection with quantum-level sensitivity at room temperature 88

    ~ 138 times enhancement of THz radiation power 89

    Optical nanoantenna arrays

    THz radiation power of 3.8 mW over 0.1 ~ 5.0 THz 90

    300 μW THz radiation power over 0.1 ~5.0 THz 91

    107 dB SNR over 0.1~4.0 THz in THz detection 92

    95 dB SNR over a 4.0 THz bandwidth in THz detection 93

    Optical nanocavities

    80%~85% absorption of the incident pump laser for PCA detector 94

    4 mW THz radiation power over 0.1~ 4.0 THz 95

    Table 0. The development of THz-PCA incorporated with plasmonic nanostructures
    Wenhui FAN, Hui YAN, Xiaoqiang JIANG, Longchao CHEN, Zhuanping ZHENG, Jia LIU, Hui LI, Ling DING, Chao SONG. Ultrafast Terahertz Characteristic Spectroscopy Based on Femtosecond Laser and Its Application(Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2022, 51(7): 0751403
    Download Citation