Simultaneous self-mode-locking and self-Q-switching in a laser diode-pumped Cr4+∶Nd3+∶YAG laser is presented. More than 80% modulation depth of self-mode-locking has been achieved at the threshold pump power. A maximum average output power of 233 mW was generated at the maximum incident pump power of 5.72 W, corresponding to a maximum pulse energy of 16.5 μJ for a single self-Q-switched pulse. The typical Q-switched envelope duration containing the mode-locked pulse trains was found to be around 120 ns and the repetition rate for the self-mode-locked pulse trains within the self-Q-switched pulse envelope was about 357 MHz. The width of the self-mode-locked pulse was estimated to be less than 560 ps. Using a hyperbolic secant function method, we introduced a rate equation model not only considering the Gaussian distribution of the intracavity photon density and the influences of the continuous pump rate, but taking into account the stimulated radiation lifetime of the active medium as well as the excited-state lifetime of the saturable absorber. Numerically solving the set of equation, the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.