Fig. 1. Optical architecture of ALADIN^[37]

Fig. 2. Physical diagram of the WINDII instrument^[9]

Fig. 3. SWIFT-DASH optical frame ^[38]

Fig. 4. HRDI instrument^[16]

Fig. 5. Major TIDI subsystems. (a) The four telescopes; (b) Profiler^[12]

Fig. 6. (a) MIGHTI optics; (b) Stray light model^[40]

Fig. 7. Production and loss mechanisms of the $$\text{Unknown environment 'document'}$$ state^[19]

Fig. 8. Calculated $$\text{Unknown environment 'document'}$$ concentration profiles for different production mechanisms^[19]

Fig. 9. Infrared band O₂ limb viewing radiation and transmission spectra at tangent heights of 40 km, 60 km, and 80 km. (a) Radiation spectra at 80 km; (b) Transmission spectra at 80 km; (c) Radiation spectra at 60 km; (d) Transmission spectra at 60 km; (e) Radiation spectra at 40 km; (f) Transmission spectra at 40 km^[43]

Fig. 10. WAMI optical configuration^[20]

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of optical system of the near-space wind and temperature sensing interferometer^[43]

Fig. 12. The standard deviation of random error of Doppler wind speed and temperature measured by NWSTI. (a) Wind speed error; (b) Temperature error^[43]

Fig. 13. Limb radiation spectrum of O_3. (a) Limb radiation spectra of O₃ at 8.8 μm band; (b) Enlarged image in the box in Fig.13 (a) ^[53]

Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of SWIFT optical system^[53]

Fig. 15. SWIFT-DASH monolithic optics assembly^[38]

Fig. 16. Interference patterns of forward simulation. (a) Interference patterns during daytime; (b) Interference patterns during nighttime^[53]

Fig. 17. Profile of wind measurement error^[53]

Fig. 18. (a) Instrument thermal background signal and (b) combined signal (sum of pure atmospheric signal and instrument thermal background signal) with noise added during the first step of the first field of view^[56]

Fig. 19. Composition error^[56]

Fig. 20. Transmission spectra: (a) is for NO^[59] and (b) is for ¹³CO₂^[59]

Fig. 21. (a) DWTS viewing geometry; (b) Illustration of the Doppler modulation concept^[59]

Fig. 22. DWTS instrument concepts: (a) Infrared Camera; (b) Dual-instrument full mechanical drawing^[59]

Fig. 23. Optical and mechanical structure of doppler molecular frequency discriminator^[63]

Fig. 24. Wind temperature detection accuracy profile. (a) Wind detection accuracy; (b) Temperature detection accuracy^[63]

Table 1. Summary of WINDII observations^[9]

Table 2. Representative instruments for remote sensing of atmospheric wind temperature

Table 3. Emission lines^[20]

Table 4. DWTS performance

Table 5. Summary of technical solutions