With the development of satellite optical communication technology, networking through optical links can meet the access, transmission, and distribution needs of the explosive growth of internet services in the future. First, the satellite internet architecture based on optical communication and constellation types are introduced. Then the key technologies of the next generation of satellite optical network are analyzed, including photoelectric hybrid switching, satellite optical network wavelength routing, wavelength demand analysis, and traffic grooming technology. Finally, the technical development directions of satellite optical network are discussed.