With the growing demand for sustainable, wearable, and clean energy, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted wide attention. Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG) has the advantages of lightweight, soft, and comfortable wearing, and has been the focus of design and research. Since fiber and yarn are the basic units of textiles, fiber/yarn-based TENG can be prepared into fabrics with different structures or integrated into other fabrics through subsequent processing, which can fully retain the advantages of fabric structure itself. Therefore, the design and development of fiber/yarn-based TENG with excellent performance is considered to be one of the fundamental solutions for the manufacture of T-TENG. This paper introduces the basic principles of TENG, fiber/yarn-based TENG manufacturing technology, and the integrated strategy of fiber/yarn-based TENG. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the preparation of fiber/yarn-based TENG are presented.