Author Affiliations
1School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong , China2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong , Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Large singular function device via forward design method to ultra-compact multi-function device via inverse design method
[19,35,42-43] Fig. 2. Genetic algorithm. (a) Design process; (b) optimized reflector
[27]; (c) optimized polarization rotator
[28] Fig. 3. Particle swarm optimization algorithm. (a) Design process; (b) optimized power beam splitter
[29]; (c) optimized polarization beam splitter
[30] Fig. 4. Direct binary search algorithm. (a) Design process; (b) optimized polarization beam splitter
[31]; (c) optimized mode (de) multiplexer
[32] Fig. 5. Topological optimization algorithm. (a) Principle of topological optimization
[44]; (b) design process of the dense gradient topological optimization method; (c) optimized polarization beam splitter
[34]; (d) optimized mode (de) multiplexer
[35] Fig. 6. Target priority algorithm. (a) Optimized mode size converter
[37]; (b) optimized optical diode
[38] Fig. 7. Level set method
[40]. (a) Optimized 1×3 power splitter; (b) optimized three-channel wavelength (de) multiplexer
Fig. 8. Inverse-designed SOI grating couplers
[48-53] Fig. 9. Parameters related to inverse-designed 3 dB power splitter
[44,54-60] Fig. 10. Devices obtained based on inverse design method. (a) Optical cloak
[65]; (b) optical router
[66]; (c) optical diode
[67] Fig. 11. Devices obtained based on inverse design method. (a) Filter
[100]; (b) reflector
[27] Fig. 12. Parameters related to inverse-designed wavelength (de) multiplexer
[19,23,36,101-102] | Device | Algorithm | Port | Footprint | Experiment | Performance |
|---|
| TE0 crossing[61] | GA | 2×2 | 5 μm×5 μm | / | IL<0.30 dB, CT<-35.0 dB | TE0 crossing[62] TM0 crossing[62] | PSO | 2×2 | 2 μm×2 μm | √ | T: 69.1%, CT: -34.4 dB T: 89.7 %, CT: -84.8 dB | | Star crossing[63] | DBS | 4×4 5×5 6×6 | 7.10 μm2/port 5.83 μm2/port 7.30 μm2/port | √ | IL: 0.75 dB, CT: -22.5 dB IL: 0.90 dB, CT: -20.0 dB IL: 1.50 dB, CT: -18.0 dB | TE0 crossing[43] TE1 crossing[43] TE2 crossing[43] | DBS | 2×2 | 8 μm×8 μm | √ | IL: 0.28 dB, CT: -20.0 dB IL: 0.68 dB, CT: -20.0 dB IL: 0.82 dB, CT: -20.0 dB | | TE0 crossing[64] | TO | 2×2 | 3.36 μm×3.36 μm | / | IL<0.09 dB, CT<-25.6 dB |
|
Table 1. Parameters related to inverse-designed crossings
| Device | Algorithm | Footprint | Experiment | Performance |
|---|
| PBS[85] | GA | 50 μm | / | IL: 0.14 dB, CT: -20.6 dB (TE) IL: 0.58 dB, CT: -16.2 dB (TM) BW: 250 nm | | PBS[86] | PSO | 5 μm | √ | IL<0.50 dB, PER>16.68 dB (TE) IL<0.46 dB, PER>17.78 dB (TM) BW: 75 nm | | PBS[31] | DBS | 2.4 μm×2.4 μm | √ | T>71%, PER>11.80 dB (TE) T>80%, PER>11.10 dB (TM) | | PBS[34] | TO | 1.4 μm×1.4 μm | √ | IL: 0.82 dB, PER: 12.00 dB (TE) IL: 2.10 dB, PER: 15.00 dB (TM) BW: 100 nm |
|
Table 2. Parameters related to inverse-designed polarization beam splitter
| Device | Algorithm | Footprint | Experiment | Performance |
|---|
| PR[28] | GA | 0.96 μm×4.20 μm | √ | IL: 2.00 dB, PER: 10.00 dB, BW: 140 nm | | PR[87] | PSO | 13.5 μm | / | IL: 0.20 dB, PER: 25.00 dB, BW: 80 nm | | PR[88] | DBS | 1.2 μm×7.2 μm | √ | IL: 0.70 dB, PER: 19.00 dB, BW: 60 nm | | PR[89] | TO | 1 μm×6 μm | / | IL: 0.33 dB, PER: 30.00 dB, BW: 100 nm |
|
Table 3. Parameters related to the inverse-designed polarization rotator
| Device | Algorithm | Footprint | Experiment | Performance |
|---|
TE0-TE1[91] TE0-TE2[91] TE0-TE3[91] TE0-TE4[91] | GA | 1.8 μm×2.2 μm | / | IL: 0.48 dB, CT: -16.9 dB IL: 0.43 dB, CT: -15.0 dB IL: 1.40 dB, CT: -13.0 dB IL: 1.92 dB, CT: -10.9 dB | TE1-TE0[92] TE2-TE0[92] TE3-TE0[92] | PSO | 4 μm×35 μm | / | IL: 0.06 dB IL: 0.05 dB IL: 0.11 dB | TE0-TE1[93] TM0-TM1[93] | DBS | 4.0 μm×1.6 μm | √ | IL: 2.30 dB, CT: -13.7 dB IL: 1.40 dB, CT: -11.8 dB | | TE0-TE1[94] | TO | 6.3 μm×3.6 μm | √ | IL: 2.00 dB, ER: 21.00 dB, BW: 43 nm |
|
Table 4. Parameters related to the inverse-designed mode converter
| Mode | Algorithm | Footprint | Experiment | Performance |
|---|
TE0/TE1[32] TE0/TE1/TE2[32] | DBS | 2.4 μm×3.0 μm 3.6 μm×4.8 μm | / | IL<1.00 dB, CT<-24.0 dB IL<2.50 dB, CT<-19.0 dB | | TE0/TE1/TM0/TM1[95] | DBS | 6.8 μm×6.0 μm | √ | IL<1.40 dB, CT<-15.0 dB, BW: 40 nm | | TE0/TE1/TE2/TE3[96] | DBS | 5.4 μm×6.0 μm | √ | IL<1.50 dB, CT<-14.6 dB, BW: 60 nm | | TE0/TE1[59] | TO | 3.55 μm×2.55 μm | √ | IL<1.00 dB, CT<-15.6 dB, BW: 100 nm |
|
Table 5. Parameters related to the inverse-designed mode (de) multiplexer
![Large singular function device via forward design method to ultra-compact multi-function device via inverse design method[19,35,42-43]](/richHtml/gxxb/2024/44/15/1513019/img_01.jpg)
![Genetic algorithm. (a) Design process; (b) optimized reflector[27]; (c) optimized polarization rotator[28]](/richHtml/gxxb/2024/44/15/1513019/img_02.jpg)
![Particle swarm optimization algorithm. (a) Design process; (b) optimized power beam splitter [29]; (c) optimized polarization beam splitter[30]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
