Fig. 1. Spectral irradiance of solar radiance and blackbody radiance (100—400 ℃), and the atmospheric transmittance spectrum

Fig. 2. Thermal infrared-visible compatible camouflage technologies. Low emissivity in the thermal infrared band and structural color realized by (a) Ge/ZnS photonic crystal^[16] and (b) Si/GST/Au structure^[19]; (c) low emissivity in the thermal infrared band and high absorptivity in the visible band are realized by the Ge/ZnS photonic crystal and antireflection layer^[20]; low emissivity in the thermal infrared band and visible transparency realized by (d) Au disk-Si₃N₄-ITO structure^[22] and (e) ultra-thin metal layer/metal mesh^[25]

Fig. 3. Thermal infrared-microwave compatible camouflage technologies. (a) Combination of infrared shielding layer and radar absorption layer^[26]; (b) combination of visible transparent infrared shielding layer and radar absorption layer^[31]; (c) combination of infrared selective emitter and microwave frequency selective absorber^[32-33]; (d) combination of infrared shielding layer and microwave coding metasurface^[34]; (e) combination of visible transparent infrared shielding layer and microwave coding metasurface^[35]

Fig. 4. Thermal infrared-near-infrared compatible camouflage technologies. (a) Selective radiation in the thermal infrared band and absorption in the near-infrared band are realized by metal-dielectric-metal structure^[36]; (b) low emissivity in the thermal infrared band and high absorptivity in the near-infrared band are realized by the Ge/Ti/Ge/Au structure^[37]; (c) laser scattering realized by the coding metasurface in the near-infrared band^[38]; (d) low emissivity and specular reflectivity are realized by the rough surface^[39]

Fig. 5. Multi-band compatible camouflage technologies. (a) Visible-laser-thermal infrared-microwave compatible camouflage is realized by the combination of photonic crystal and microwave selective absorber^[40]; (b) laser-thermal infrared-microwave compatible camouflage is realized by the combination of infrared coding metasurface and microwave selective absorber^[41]; (c) visible-infrared-microwave compatible camouflage is realized by the combination of visible-infrared scattering surface and microwave coding metasurface^[42]; (d) visible-near-infrared-thermal-infrared compatible camouflage is realized by the Al-Ge-Ag structure^[43]; (e) whole-infrared-band and visible camouflage is realized by multilayer structure^[44]; (f) visible-infrared-microwave compatible camouflage is realized by metal grid-based coding metasurface^[45]