Author Affiliations
1State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , Guangdong 510641, China2School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , Guangdong 510641, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Multimodal luminescence mechanism based on electron-hole model. (a)‒(c) Multimodal trap filling processes; (d) various forms of energy induced trap emptying and multimodal luminescence processes;(e) schematic of up-conversion persistent luminescence in Zn
3Ga
2GeO
8∶1%Cr
3+, 5%Yb
3+, 0.5%Er
3+ system
[16];(f) schematic of up-conversion-like trapping process in CaSnO
3∶Bi
2+ system
[17] Fig. 2. Thermo-, photo-, and mechano-responsive multimodal luminescence in UV-irradiated La
1.95Ti
2O
7∶Pr
3+ as well as its application shows
[1]. (a) Thermo-luminescence spectra of sample treated under different temperatures; (b) thermo-luminescence spectra of sample irradiated by near-infrared lasers with different power densities; (c) thermo-luminescence spectra of sample exerted by different pressure loads; (d) stimulus-responsive shows under multimodal excitation resources
Fig. 3. Exploring examples of optical information storage applications. (a) Thermo-luminescence spectra of LiGa
5O
8∶Mn
2+ glass treated under different temperatures
[22];(b) 3D optical readout of images encoded in different layers with heat aid at 150 ℃
[22]; (c) schematic of multilevel optical data storage and readout from multimodal luminescent phosphor (Ba
2SiO
4∶0.005Eu
2+, 0.001Tm
3+, 0.001Ho
3+, 0.0005Dy
3+) film
[18];(d) X-ray imaging technique of bent objects
[23] Fig. 4. Exploring examples of optical anti-counterfeiting and information encryption applications. (a) Taiji image examples made by BaGa
2Si
2O
8∶Eu
2+, Eu
3+, Pr
3+ as well as their application of multimodal luminescence in anti-counterfeiting
[2]; (b) illustration of real time multidimensional anti-counterfeiting based on Mn-doped (Na/Li)
2(Zn/Mg)(Si/Ge)O
4 material
[28]; (c) luminous stability of leaf-shaped composite film against water immersion
[28] Fig. 5. Exploring examples of sensing and labeling applications. (a) Schematic of visualizing quasi-dynamic crack propagation using SrAl
2O
4∶Eu
2+/Dy
3+[34]; (b) application of stress induced carrier storage in vehicle collision monitoring
[35]; (c) mechano-luminescence spectra of SrZnSO∶0.02Tb
3+,0.01Eu
3+ at various temperatures and
ITb/
IEu versus temperature, with CIE chromaticity coordinates of mechano-luminescence shown in inset
[36]; (d) up-conversion persistent luminescence of Lu
2Pr
0.01Gd
0.99Al
2Ga
3O
12 ceramic chips stimulated by blue LED in bright environment
[37]; (e) ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation images of Ca
2Al
2SiO
7∶Pr
3+ ceramic chips placed in tree trunks in direct sunlight
[38]