Fig. 1. Typical loss spectra of chalcogenide glass fibers manufactured by CorActive[5]. (a) IRT-SE; (b) IRT-SU

Fig. 2. Loss spectra of (a) As39S61 and (b) As39Se61 fibers[11-12]

Fig. 3. Open-type distilled process flow chart for fabrication of Ge-Sb-Se glass[15]

Fig. 4. Loss spectrum of prepared As2S3 multi-mode fiber[16]

Fig. 5. Absorption coefficients of Ge-S-I glass synthesized by different methods[22]

Fig. 6. Schematics of drawing of chalcogenide glass fibers. (a) Double-crucible method; (b) rod in tube method; (c) extrusion method; (d) rotary tube method; (e) drawing fiber from preform

Fig. 7. As2S3 prepared by rod in tube method[14]. (a) As2S3 chalcogenide glass fiber preforms and As2S3 multimode fiber; (b) loss spectrum of As2S3 fiber

Fig. 8. Extrusion equipment, chalcogenide glass fiber preforms, and loss spectrum of As2Se3 glass fiber prepared by Ningbo University[41-42]. (a) Extrusion equipment for glass fiber preforms; (b) chalcogenide glass fiber preforms with multi-mode and single-mode; (c) loss spectrum of single-mode As2Se3 fiber

Fig. 9. Picture of chalcogenide multi-mode fiber-based combiner (7×1)[46]

Fig. 10. Line-plane-switching chalcogenide fiber array, infrared push-broom experimental system, and obtained infrared images of target[52]

Fig. 11. Schematics of fabrication process for plane-plane fiber image bundles using stack-and-draw, and micrographs of cross sections of bundles[37]. (a) Process flow chart; (b) micrographs of cross sections of bundles

Fig. 12. Developemnt of chalocogenide galss fiber based FBG

Fig. 13. Transmission spectra of FBG[55]

Fig. 14. Development of chalcogenide Raman fiber lasers

Fig. 15. A 3.34-μm cascaded Raman laser based on As2S3 fiber[60]. (a) Diagram; (b) relationship between average output power of 3.34 μm laser and pumping power

Fig. 16. Structural diagram of Brillouin fiber laser[63]

Fig. 17. Theoretical model of cascaded mid-infrared laser at 4.3 μm and 3.1 μm based on Dy3+ ions doped Ge20Ga5Sb10S65 fiber[67]. (a) Theoretical model of cascaded mid-infrared laser at 4.3 μm; (b) laser self-terminating mechanism

Fig. 18. Optical photographs of surfaces of fiber preforms[85]. (a) Ge16.5As9Ga10Se64.5 glass doped with 0.2% DyCl3; (b) Ge16.5As9Ga10Se64.5 doped with 0.2% Dy foil

Fig. 19. Supercontinuum source based on all-fiber structure[87]

Fig. 20. 2-16 μm mid- and far-infrared supercontinuum spectra based on (Ge10Te43)90(AgI)10 fiber using 7 μm OPA laser as pump source[90]

Fig. 21. Infrared spectra of hepatic tissue of hungry and normal mice[91]

Fig. 22. CO2 gas detector based on Pr3+/Dy3+ co-doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 fiber[100]

Fig. 23. Detected CO2 signal using gas detector based on Pr3+/Dy3+co-doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 fiber[100]

Table 1. Performance parameters of typical commercial chalcogenide optical fibers[5-7]

Table 2. Composition analysis results of Ge-S bulk glass prepared using chemical vapor deposition method[28](mass fraction, %)