1. MXenes schematic composition^[14]

2. Schematic preparation methods for MXenes and products prepared by chemical vapor deposition

3. (a) Schematic diagrams of Ti₃C₂ nanoparticles on PTT in 4T1 tumor bearing nude mice^[30] and (b) Nb₂C nanosheets for PTT in vivo under NIR-I and NIR-II^[28]

4. Schematic diagrams of (a) Ti₃C₂ nanomaterials loaded with DOX for tumor PTT/PDT/CHEMO combined therapy^[29], (b) DOX@Ti₃C₂-SP nanomaterials for tumor PTT/CHEMO combined therapy^[32], and (c) Ti₃C₂@Met@CP nanomaterials for tumor PTT/PDT/CHEMO combined therapy^[57]

5. Schematic illustrations for (a) combined therapy on HCC cells as assisted by DOX@Ti₃C₂@mMSNs-RGD at the cell level^[58], (b) CTAC@Nb2C-MSN-PEG-RGD composite nanomaterials releaseing CTAC under the action of PTT for combined treatment of tumor^[59], (c) AIPH@Nb₂C@Si composite nanomaterials generating free radicals under the action of PTT^[60], and (d) Nb₂C-MSNs-SNO composite nanomaterials releasing NO under the action of PTT for combined treatment of tumor^[61]

6. Schematic diagrams of (a) MnO_x/Ti₃C₂^[64], (b) Ta₄C₃-IONP^[62], (c) MIG^[65], (d) GdW₁₀@Ti₃C₂^[66], and (e) Ti₃C₂@Au^[67] composite nanomaterials in tumor theranostics

7. Schematic diagrams of the application of MXenes nanomaterials in (a) biosensing^[81] and (b) bone tissue engineering^[82]

Table 1. Summary of preparation methods of MXenes

Table 2. First application of MXenes in PTT on tumor

Table 3. MXenes for application in tumor theranostics