Silica aerogels have wide application prospect in high temperature heat insulation due to their low density and high porosity. However, the brittleness and high cost of supercritical drying restrict their application. In this study, spongy silicone aerogels with high flexibility were prepared via Sol-Gel polymerization and atmospheric pressure drying using vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and vinylmethyldimethoxysilane (VMDMS) as precursors. The effects of precursor molar ratio on the microstructure and compressive resilience of aerogels, as well as the inorganic transformation process of aerogels in high temperature aerobic and anaerobic environments were studied. The results show that with the increase of VTMS/VMDMS ratio in the precursor, the aerogel particles become smaller and more tightly packed, and the compression resilience of aerogels also decreased. In air at 800 ℃, aerogels were transformed into inorganic SiO₂ by oxidation of organic side groups, fracture and rearrangement of main chain Si-O-Si. In N₂ at 800 ℃, aerogels were transformed into the mixture of inorganic SiO₂ and free carbon by pyrolysis reaction, and after further treatment at 1000-1400 ℃, SiO₂ and free carbon were subjected to carbothermal reduction reaction to form amorphous Si-O-C structures such as SiO₄, SiCO₃, SiC₂O₂, and SiC₃O, and a small amount of β-SiC nanowires. The Si-O-C structure formed by carbothermal reduction reaction at 1200 ℃ has optimal high temperature oxidation resistance, which can provide reference for the preparation of pyro-oxidation resistant Si-O-C aerogels.