Atom-based quantum precision measurement of time, frequency, length, magnetic field and other physical quantities has attracted widespread attention in recent years. As a precision microwave measurement sensor, Rydberg atoms have the advantages of good traceability, high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this paper, the cesium Rydberg atoms at room temperature are used to realize high-resolution vector measurement of microwave electric field based on the characteristic of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy. The microwave electric field with the frequency of 5.365 GHz couples the Rydberg transition of 51D_5/2-52P_3/2. The electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum of a 6S_1/2-6P_3/2-51D_5/2 ladder system will split because of the Autler-Townes effect. The intensity of the microwave electric field is obtained by calculating the splitting separation. The spatial resolution reaches 1/31 of the measured microwave wavelength. A new method for measuring the polarization direction of microwave electric field is proposed, which solves the problem that the complementary angle cannot be identified in the measurement of the polarization direction of microwave electric field. Through the near-field vector measurement of the scattering field of a radio frequency identification tag, the effective angular resolution of the tag is achieved and reaches 1.64°. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results of the finite element analysis method. This paper present the valuable explore for the microwave electric field spatial high-resolution imaging, offer the evaluation tools for the design and identification of radio frequency identification tags, and electromagnetic compatibility testing.