• Infrared and Laser Engineering
  • Vol. 52, Issue 7, 20220830 (2023)
Peng Qiu1, Guocong Wang2, Xiaoming Zhang1, Mingxuan Zhang2..., Yong Zhao3, Jianfeng Wang1 and Xiaojun Jiang1,4|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2Xi’an Institute of Applied Optics, Xi’an 710065, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
  • 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20220830 Cite this Article
    Peng Qiu, Guocong Wang, Xiaoming Zhang, Mingxuan Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jianfeng Wang, Xiaojun Jiang. The 2.16-m telescope polarimeter[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(7): 20220830 Copy Citation Text show less
    2.16-m telescope
    Fig. 1. 2.16-m telescope
    A camera of a iKon-L DZ936 CCD (a) and its quantum efficiency curve (b)
    Fig. 2. A camera of a iKon-L DZ936 CCD (a) and its quantum efficiency curve (b)
    Transmittance curves of the Johnson/Bessell UBVRI filter system
    Fig. 3. Transmittance curves of the Johnson/Bessell UBVRI filter system
    Schematic diagram of a dual-channel time-division imaging polarimetry
    Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of a dual-channel time-division imaging polarimetry
    Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the 2.16-m telescope polarimeter
    Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the 2.16-m telescope polarimeter
    Schematic diagram of the optical path of linear polarization photometry (a) and multicolor photometry (b) of the 2.16-m telescope polarimeter
    Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the optical path of linear polarization photometry (a) and multicolor photometry (b) of the 2.16-m telescope polarimeter
    Internal composition of the polarimeter
    Fig. 7. Internal composition of the polarimeter
    Flow chart of the polarimeter
    Fig. 8. Flow chart of the polarimeter
    Schematic diagram of a target brightness change curve when the polarizer is rotated
    Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of a target brightness change curve when the polarizer is rotated
    Flow chart of polarization calibration
    Fig. 10. Flow chart of polarization calibration
    Flow chart of polarization measurement
    Fig. 11. Flow chart of polarization measurement
    Flow chart of multicolor photometry
    Fig. 12. Flow chart of multicolor photometry
    Schematic diagram of the proposed polarization calibration
    Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of the proposed polarization calibration
    The polarimeter was installed on the focal unit of the 2.16-m telescope for on-sky testing
    Fig. 14. The polarimeter was installed on the focal unit of the 2.16-m telescope for on-sky testing
    The polarimeter observed unpolarized standard target HD14069 (a), polarized standard targets BD+64°106 (b) and VI Cyg #12 (c). An FOV of the image is about 4.63′×4.63′, the pixel scale is 0.54 (″)/pixel
    Fig. 15. The polarimeter observed unpolarized standard target HD14069 (a), polarized standard targets BD+64°106 (b) and VI Cyg #12 (c). An FOV of the image is about 4.63′×4.63′, the pixel scale is 0.54 (″)/pixel
    The polarization of the unpolarized standard target HD14069 (a), polarized standard targets BD+64°106 (b) and VI Cyg #12 (c) measured multiple times
    Fig. 16. The polarization of the unpolarized standard target HD14069 (a), polarized standard targets BD+64°106 (b) and VI Cyg #12 (c) measured multiple times
    Landolt equatorial standards of 98 581, 98 L1, 98 580, 98 556, 98 557, 98 563 observed by the polarimeter
    Fig. 17. Landolt equatorial standards of 98 581, 98 L1, 98 580, 98 556, 98 557, 98 563 observed by the polarimeter
    Exposure times with respect to V-band magnitudes when SNR is about 141
    Fig. 18. Exposure times with respect to V-band magnitudes when SNR is about 141
    ParameterValue
    注:Andor iKon-L 936 CCD相机相关参数来源于Andor官方网站: https://andor.oxinst.com/
    Sensor typeBack-illuminated scientific CCD
    Active pixels2 048×2 048
    Pixel size (W×H) 13.5 μm×13.5 μm
    Sensor size27.6 mm×27.6 mm
    Shutter typeMechanical shutter
    Readout rate0.05, 1, 3, 5 MHz
    Readout noise (e, typical) 2.9@0.05 MHz; 7.0@1 MHz; 11.7@3 MHz; 31.5@5 MHz
    Frame rate (fps full frame)0.011@0.05 MHz; 0.221@1 MHz; 0.607@3 MHz; 0.953@5 MHz
    Pixel full well depth (e, typical) 150 000
    Cooling−80 ℃(@25 ℃)
    Dark current (e·pixel−1·s−1, typical) 0.006@ −80 ℃
    LinearityBetter than 99%
    Table 1. Performance parameters of a iKon-L DZ936 CCD camera
    Optical componentsWork band/nm
    Collimating lens390-780
    Imaging lens390-780
    Half-wave plate450-650
    PBS420-680
    Polarizer450-700
    Table 2. Optical components working band of the polarimeter
    NameRA (J2000.0)DEC (J2000.0)V magComments
    HD1406902 16 45.16−02 05 58.29.00Unpolarized standard
    BD+64°10600 57 36.71+64 51 26.510.34Polarized standard
    VI Cyg #1220 32 40.94+41 14 26.211.5Polarized standard
    Table 3. Targets observed by the polarimeter
    NameCatalogue percent P(V) Measured percent P(V) Difference percent P(V)
    HD140690.022±0.019%0.094±0.043%0.072%
    BD+64°1065.687±0.037%5.676±0.260%0.011%
    VI Cyg #128.947±0.088%9.043±0.527%0.096%
    Table 4. The polarization of the unpolarized standard target HD14069, polarized standard targets BD+64°106 and VI Cyg #12 measured by the polarimeter for V band. Polarimetric archival data from Schmidt, Elston & Lupie (1992) for the unpolarized and polarized (in V band) standard stars
    NameRA (J2000.0)DEC (J2000.0)V mag
    98 L106 51 39−00 26 1615.67
    98 58106 51 40−00 25 2114.56
    98 58006 51 40−00 26 2114.73
    98 55606 51 30−00 24 3014.14
    98 55706 51 30−00 24 4514.78
    98 56306 51 32−00 26 0414.16
    Table 5. Landolt equatorial standards observed by the polarimeter
    Peng Qiu, Guocong Wang, Xiaoming Zhang, Mingxuan Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jianfeng Wang, Xiaojun Jiang. The 2.16-m telescope polarimeter[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(7): 20220830
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